Hydrocarbon and Petroleum

Organic
chemistry

Organic chemistry is Chemistry that

basically the study deals with carbon
of carbon-hydrogen element and one or
bonds more elements.
Inorganic chemistry
 Identification of
carbon compound

If the compound
totally burned it
will produce CO2
gas, it is carbon
compound
Source of carbon compound
Plants &
animals
Coal
Natural gas &
petroleum
Unique character of carbon atom

Electron configuration

The way carbon

bonded
Total Carbon Bonded
 Bond Line Structure

Aliphatic bond
Aromatic bond
 Hydrocarbon
A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen
only.
One of the simplest types of organic compound
is the hydrocarbon
 Alkanes

Saturated Contain only

hydrocarbons single covalent
bonds between
carbon atoms
Burning Alkanes
 Character of alkanes
• More carbon atom/ the longer carbon bond,
the higher boiling point & melting point
• At room temperature, C1 – C4 are gas, C5 – C17
are liquid and C > 17 are solid.
• Alkane not soluble in water, non-polar
compound.
 Alkenes

unsaturated Contain double

hydrocarbons bonds between
carbon atoms
 Character of alkenes
• Alkene has same boiling & melting point with
alkane.
• At room temperature, ethene, propene &
buthene are gas, and other is liquid.
• Alkane not soluble in water, non-polar
compound.
• More reactive that alkanes
 Alkynes

unsaturated
hydrocarbons

Contain tripple
bonds between
carbon atoms
 Character of alkynes
• Alkyne has higher boiling & melting point with
alkane.
• At room temperature, ethene, propene &
buthene are gas, and other is liquid.
• Alkane not soluble in water, non-polar
compound.
• More reactive that alkanes & alkenes.
 Function of Alkane
Fuel: Wax and bitumen
1. Methane as LNG
(Liquedied
Natural Gas)
2. Alkane in LPG Non-polar solvent
(Liquefied
Petroleum Gas)
3. Buthane as lighter
4. Oktane as
gasolene
 Function of Alkene & Alkyne
Natural rubber

Plastic:
1. Ethene 
Polyethene Carbide welding
2. Propene 
Polypropene
Freon (AC)

anesthesia
 Composition of Petroleum
Compound Persentase Example
Hydrocarbon 90 - 99% Alkane, Cycloalkane
& aromatic

Sulfur compound 0.1 – 7 % Tyoalkane &

Alkanetiol

Nitrogen Compound 0.01 – 0.9% Pyrol

Oxygen Compound 0.01 – 0.4% carboxylic acid
Metal Organo A bit Nickel metal
Petroleum Processing
 Gasoline

isooctane
Gasoline that has
100% isooctane
called gasoline
with 100 octane
rating
Octane Rating