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METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
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LEARNING OUTCOME
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What is metamorphic rock?
What is metamorphism?
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AGENTS OF METAMORPHISM
TEMPERATURE
PRESSURE
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•Normal increases in and
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A) TEMPERATURE
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•As the rock temperature rises, minerals begin to change
from solid state to liquid state and amount of pore fluid in
rocks increases.
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B) PRESSURE
•The effect of pressure varies at different depths in
the crust.
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• In the region of plastic deformation, pressure
influences the types of new minerals
formed and are more tightly packed atomic
structure and thus has greater density.
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C) CHEMICAL ACTION FLUIDS
(Chemically active solutions)
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C) CHEMICAL ACTION FLUIDS cont’……
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TYPES OF METAMORPHISM
CONTACT
REGIONAL
DYNAMIC
RETROGRADE
AUTOMETAMORPHISM
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A) CONTACT METAMORPHISM
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Regional metamorphism must occur deep
within the crust, at least at depths of 10km or
more and is known to be responsible for the
forming of mountain ranges.
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Regional Metamorphism
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C) DYNAMIC / DISLOCATION METAMORPHISM
D) RETROGRADE METAMORPHISM
Low grade metamorphism that normally caused by pressure
Impact: Fissuring process of forming Schist or gneiss.
E) AUTOMETAMORPHISM
The chemical fluid refilling process in rock minerals during the cooling
of the rock mass.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF METAMORPHIC ROCK
SLATE
MARBLE
PHYLLITE
QUARTZITE
SCHIST
GNEISS
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Under metamorphism, rocks may undergo changes in
their mineral composition leading to formation of new
minerals and changes in textures. Texture of
metamorphic rocks:-
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Foliation occurs when tectonic stresses acting on
rocks are applied in one principal direction and the
greatest pressure usually acts perpendicularly to the
axis of the mineral grains
Types of Foliated Metamorphic Rock
(i) Slate
Very fine-grained
Excellent rock cleavage
Most often generated from low grade
metamorphism of shale, mudstone, or siltstone
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(ii) Phyllite
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Phyllite (left) and Slate (right) lack visible mineral grains
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(iii) Schist
Medium- to coarse-grained
Medium- to coarse-grained
Banded appearance
High-grade metamorphism
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Gneiss typically displays a banded appearance
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Non Foliated Metamorphic Rock
Those metamorphic rocks that lack foliation are
referred to as non foliated
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(i) Marble
Coarse, crystalline
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Marble – a nonfoliated metamorphic rock
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(ii) Quartzite
Formed from a parent rock of quartz-rich
sandstone
Quartz grains are fused together
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METAMORPHIC ROCK cont’…….
Sedimentary Rock
Sandstone Quartzite
Shale Slate, Phyllite, Schist
Limestone Marble
Igneous Rock
Granitic textured igneous rock Gneiss
Compac textured igneous rock Schist
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METAMORPHIC ROCK cont’…….
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