Sub-Topics of

Chapter III
(RESEARCH DESIGN)
Based on the UL-Prescribed
Format of Research Report

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 Review of Chapter Highlights

• Chapter I
(THE PROBLEM AND ITS
BACKGROUND)
• Chapter II
(REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES)
• Chapter III
(RESEARCH DESIGN)
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 (THE PROBLEM AND ITS
BACKGROUND)

• Background of the Problem

– Nature and Extent of the Issue(s)/ Concern
• Providing the basis for the conduct of the
investigation
– General Perspectives
– Local Situation

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 (REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES)

• It establishes the theoretical and/or

conceptual framework that will serve as
guide for the conduct of study
• Conceptual Literature Related Literature)
– Theories, concepts, constructs, models
• Research Literature (Related Studies)
– Findings of Previous Studies
• Synthesis to point out what were derived
from the study
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 (RESEARCH DESIGN)

• Discusses the Methodology

• Technique to Use
• Sample/Population and/or Subject
• Instrumentation
• How the data will be analyzed and
interpreted

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 Research Design

• Systematic plan to study a scientific

problem
• Refers to the over-all strategy that the
researcher choose to integrate the
different components of the study in a
inherent and logical way, thereby,
ensuring that the research problem will
be effectively addressed.
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 Research Design

• Identify the research problem clearly

and justify its selection
• Review previously published
literature associated with the problem
area
• Clearly and explicitly specify research
questions central to the problem
selected
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 Research Design

• Effectively describe the data which

will be necessary to answer the
research questions and explain how
such data will be obtained
• Describe the methods of analysis
which will be applied to the data
relative to the research questions

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 Sub-Topics in Chapter III
• Research Method
• Locale of the Study
• Respondents/Subject(s) of the Study
• Data-Gathering Instrument
• Data-Gathering Procedure
• Treatment of Data

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 Methodology Defined
• The study of research methods
• The term methodology pertains to the over-
all approaches and perspectives to the
research process as a whole and is concerned
with the following main issues:
• WHY you collected certain data
• WHAT data you collected
• WHERE you collected it
• HOW you collected it
• HOW you analyzed it
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 Research Method
• Refers only to the various specific tools or
ways data can be collected and analyzed

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Types of Research Methods

• Historical
– what was
• Descriptive
– what is
• Experimental
– what will be

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 Descriptive Research
Method
• Case Analysis
• Survey
• Developmental study
• Follow-Up Study
• Assessment/Evaluative
• Correlation/Association
• Comparative
• Ex-Post Facto
• Trend and Projection Studies
• Documentary Analysis
• Participatory

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 Locale of the Study
• Introduces the location or place of conduct
of the study
• Justification for the choice of the location
with reference to the research problem
• Site map
– A cartograph to best illustration the location
of the study

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 Respondents/
Subjects of the Study
• Respondents of the Study (Survey)
– Population
– Sample
– Sampling Procedure
• Sample Size
• Sampling Technique
– Probability
– Non-Probability

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 Respondents/
Subjects of the Study
• Subjects of the Study (Assessment)
– Sources of Data
– Determine who is the best person or group of
persons to be the source of the data
– Identify ways to source the data

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 Data-Gathering Instrument

• Questionnaire
– Administration of Questionnaire
• Interview Guide/Schedule
– Conduct of Interview
• Documents
– Documentary Analysis
• Observation
– Quantitative and Qualitative Data
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Data Gathering Procedure
• Steps in Gathering Data
• Specify Detailed Procedure
– Approval of the Conduct of the Study
– Formulation of Instrumentation
– Conduct of gathering data
– Collation of Data

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 Treatment of Data
• Qualitative
• Quantitative
– Descriptive
• Measures to Condense Data
• Measures of Centrality
• Measures of Variability
– Inferential
• Correlation
• Comparison
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