Enzyme - 1

Classification and Kinetics

Harliansyah, PhD
Head Dept. of Biochemistry
Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University
 Objectives
• Describe the chemical properties of enzymes:
eg. Active site, catalytic efficiency, specificity, cofactor,
regulation, compartmentalisation.
• Explain the classification of enzymes
• Describe the kinetics of enzyme catalysis:
-. Michaelis Menten equation
-. Lineweaver Burk transformation
References:
1. Rao, N.M. 2006. Medical Biochemistry. 2nd Ed.
New Age, Publisher.
2. Baynes, J.W. Dominiczak, M.H. 2005. Medical
Biochemistry. 2nd Ed. Elsevier Mosby.
 What is Enzyme ?
• Catalyst
• Increase rate of chemical reactions without changing the equilibrium
• Enzymes different from other catalyst:
-. Specific : each enzyme eat different reaction
-. Greater catalytic power than other catalyst
-. Catalytic action can be regulated – to ensure rate
of product formed not in excess of amount needed
• Localization: organ, tissue, cellular, subcellular
• Holoenzyme = Apoenzyme + Cofactor
• Reactant = Substrate
• Classified in to 6 groups = type of reaction
• Enzymes are proteins globular (ribozyme is catalytic active of RNA)
each with a specific structure (native conformation), function,
distribution of electrical charges, and surface geometry whose
specificity depends on their tertiary structure. The tertiary structure
determines the three-dimensional shape. They are each responsible
for control of a single reaction and are thus responsible for control of
metabolism.
 Active Site
= three dimensional cleft created by side chain of several amino acid
Amino acid from different regions in the linear sequence of enzyme, folded,
side chains close at the active side
Amino acid is classified into 2 functional groups:

1. Binding residues
2. Catalytic residues
- In an enzyme, a `binding site’ = an `active site’

- 4 types of binding of small molecule (red) to the binding site of

a protein (shaded)

Electrostatic Hydrophobic Hydrogen Bond Van Der Walls

 Enzyme Specificity
• 1. Substrate
• 2. Reaction

• 3. Group

• 4. Absolute group
Effect enzymes on activation energy
Reaction Profile
Examples of
Reaction Profile
Examples of
Reaction Profile
Factors That Influence Reaction Rate

Under a specific set of conditions, every reaction has its own

characteristic rate, which depends upon the chemical nature of
the reactants.

Four factors can be controlled during the reaction:

1. Concentration - molecules must collide to react;
2. Physical state - molecules must mix to collide;
3. Temperature - molecules must collide with enough energy to react;
4. The use of a catalyst.
Cascade Model : Type reaction of enzymes
 Effects of temperature

Each enzyme has an optimal temperature in which it can function

 Effects of pH

Each enzyme has an optimal pH in which it can function