Done By: Sudannie Robinson

Marques Prince
Nathan Johnson
Tahj Salmon
 Types of Digital Media
Digital Audio
Digital Audio: Digital Music
Ringtones
Sound Effects
 What is Digital Media
Digital media is digitized content that can be transmitted over
the internet or computer networks. Its products can be found
in:
Ecommerce
Games – console, online and mobile
Websites and mobile applications
Animation
Social media
Video
Audio
Augmented reality
Virtual reality
Data visualization
Location-based services
Interactive Storytelling
 What is Digital Music
Digital music (sometimes referred to as digital audio) is a method
of representing sound as numerical values. Digital music is often
synonymous with Mp3 music since that's a common file format that
digital music exists in. The term digital music is usually used when
contrasting it with analog media where the sound is stored in a
physical form, like with magnetic tapes or vinyl records.

Physical Digital Media

One of the most well-known physical sources of digital music is
the compact disc. The basic principle of how this works is that a
laser reads the surface of a CD which contains pits and lands.
 Brief history of Digital Music
December 1991
The MP3 file is invented by the Fraunhofor Institute, following years of research into
compressing files.
November 1997
MP3.com is founded, enabling users to access their music online, provided they have a
genuine copyright version.
February 1998
eMusic launches, becoming the first website to offer MP3 files for download as well as
a subscription service.
April 1998
Saehan, a Korean electronic manufacturer, produces MPMan, the world's first MP3
player.
June 1999
Napster, the first large-scale P2P network, is founded by Boston student Shawn
Fanning.
December 1999
Shazam, the mobile music recognition service, is established by Californian students
who later move to London.
April 2000
A US judge rules that MP3.com is liable for copyright infringement, one of the first
rulings in favour of record labels
March 2001
Niklas Zennstrom, Janus Friis and Priit Kasesalu (who subsequently set up Skype
and Joost) found KaZaa
July 2001
Napster is ordered to shut down by the US Circuit Court of Appeal for infringing
copyright
October 2001
Apple sells its first iPod. It has sold almost 200m since, becoming the world's most
popular music player
January 2002
Last.fm launches in London, the first ad-funded internet radio platform offering
personalised music
April 2003
Apple launches the iTunes Music Store which has since grown to account for 70
per cent of digital music sales
October 2003
Napster re-emerges with a paid-for model after Roxio bought its remaining assets
at a bankruptcy auction.
January 2004
Coca-Cola, with Mycokemusic, becomes one of the first major brands to launch a
download store.
January 2005
Downloaded tracks outsell physical singles for the first time and are later
incorporated into the UK singles chart.
September 2005
HMV and Virgin Megastores are late to the party when they both launch online
music sites.
July 2005
Apple sells 500 million tracks through iTunes after just over two years of offering
downloads.
September 2006
Microsoft lifts lid on Zune, its rival to the iPod, which
promises to deliver 'connected music and
entertainment.
June 2007
Apple unveils the iPhone, providing the long-awaited joint experience of
communication and music.
October 2007
Radiohead releases its single In Rainbows online, inviting people to 'pay what
they like' to download it.
July 2008
UK record labels, media owners and ISPs agree a Memorandum of Understanding
to combat illegal file sharing.
October 2008
Nokia brings its Comes With Music mobile play to the UK market, backed by
a multimillion-pound ad campaign.
February 2009
Spotify opens free registration in the UK and becomes one of the fastest-growing
start-ups in history.
April 2009
The founders of Pirate Bay, a peer-to-peer file sharing site, are sent to jail for a
year by a Swedish court.
 Ringtones
With the advancement in technology, there are thousands of cell phone
models available in the market boasting hi-end features. One of which,
happens to be production of full spectrum digital sounds; in other
words, Ringtones. Ringtone is a sound made by a mobile phone when
an incoming call or text message is received.
Ringtones can be classified into three different types namely, monophonic
ringtones that play only one type of musical tone at a time; polyphonic
ringtones that play several types of tones at a time; majority of the latest
mobile phones include polyphonic ringtones; and lastly "truetone" or
"realtone", which are encoded with high fidelity formats such as MP3,
AAC or WMA format. One of the most common examples of such
ringtones would be the extracts from songs which have become popular as
ringtones.
Ringtones are available in various formats such as MIDI, which is almost
compatible with majority of the latest handset models, and then there are
MP3, AAC, WMA, QCP, RTTTL and many more. These can be
downloaded from the internet free of cost. However not all websites let you
do this for free, some websites charge you a certain amount, for specific
ringtones to cover song royalties.
 Brief history of Digital Music
Beginning of ringtones
This interesting technology started in the year 2001 when the first
ringtone was sold in Finland. The teenagers of Finland were in the SMS
(Short messaging service) mobile technology at that time and every
teenager had a mobile phone and was seen typing short text messages and
sending them back and forth. The Finns then tried to escalate their mobile
phone services after building the success of SMS. The ringtone business
was evolved by Vesa Matti Paananen and now it has reached a position
where mobile customers are free to download customized ringtones by
paying a small fee.
Later, some of the other mobile phone companies targeted these girls who
used to hang out with their friends and provided theme based ringtones such
as" Girls just wanna have fun". At this time, Japan, a competitor in the
electronics market also entered the race and in the year 2003 The Japanese
Copyright Organization collected a very huge amount of royalties on mobile
phone ringtones.
Ringtones were continuously catching up
The recent statistics and research shows that consumers have jumped
upon this technology thereby pushed the industry in the last four years
from nothing to $11 billion by the year 2005 worldwide. People are
taking advantages of various mobile phone options available in the
market.
Uniqueness of Ringtones
Innovation produces creativity and mobile ringtones is the best
example for this. Ringtones are now available in all forms of music
based on different themes, culture and mood of the consumer.
Ringtones have come a long way and the technology is still
advancing providing some interesting and useful applications.
 Sound Effects
Sound effects are artificially created or enhanced sounds that
are used in artistic works to emphasize or express an action, mood,
or feeling. Sound effects were initially used in radio dramas, but
can be observed more often today in podcasts, theater, films, and
television shows.

The effects of sound is the noise health effects are the physical and
psychological health consequences of regular exposure, to consistent
elevated sound levels. Elevated workplace or environmental noise can
cause hearing impairment, hypertension, ischemic heart disease,
annoyance, and sleep disturbance.
 Brief history of Sound Effects
The earliest sound effects man at CBS radio in New York was one of the
cast-off musicians from the silent movie companies that had abandoned
the eastern coast. He was a drummer and played with a small combo that
had supplied "mood music" for the actors while a sequence was being
filmed. Within a few years, the dictates of radio drama would demand the
services of a well-staffed sound effects department.
There are different types of sounds:
There are two types of sound, Audible and Inaudible.
Inaudible sounds are sounds that the human ear cannot detect. The human
ear hears frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 KHz.
Sounds that are below 20 Hz frequency are called Infrasonic Sounds.
Elephants use
Infrasonic sounds to communicate with herds 100s of kms away.
Sounds that are above 20 KHz frequency are called Ultrasonic Sounds. Dogs,
Bats can hear high frequency sounds.
6 Interesting facts about sound
Sounds travel at 340.29 m/second at sea level and 20 degrees
celsius.
Sounds that are higher in frequency than audible sounds are known
as ultrasonic sounds. Bats, whales, dolphins, dogs use ultra sound for
echo location (to find either their location or to find or locate food,
prey, or enemies and danger) and navigation.
A cat can hear high frequency sounds two octaves higher than
humans.
Elepant communicate in sound waves in lower frequencies that
human ears cannot detect.
The study of sound waves is called acoustics.
Flies are unable to hear any sounds.
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