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tumour suppressor
genes
Dr Orla Sheils,
Senior Lecturer in Molecular Pathology,
Department of Histopathology.
Introduction
In #2 and #3, the resulting cell now carries two copies of the
"bad" gene. This is called "reduction to homozygosity".
Methylation
1. Cytoplasmic Proteins
APC (colon and stomach cancers)
DPC4 codes for relay molecule in cell
division inhibitory pathway (pancreatic
cancer)
NF-1 codes for protein that inhibits a
stimulatory (Ras) protein (brain, nerve,
and leukemia)
NF-2 (brain and nerve cancers)
TSG
2. Nuclear Proteins
MTS1 codes for p16 protein, brake on cell cycle
clock (many cancers)
RB codes for pRB protein, master brake on cell
cycle (retinoblastoma, bone, bladder, lung, and
breast cancer)
p53 codes for p53 protein, halts cell cycle in G1 and
induces cell suicide (many cancers)
p16 inhibits cyclin D-dependent kinase activity
WT1 (Wilms tumour of the kidney)
BRCA1 functions in repair of damage to DNA
(breast and ovarian cancers)
BRCA2 functions in repair of damage to DNA
(breast cancer)