Design Practice in Turbo-machinery

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department

A Wise Sequence of Creating a New Machine…….

 Two Major Levels of Creation

• Develop a new Idea based on Ideal Fluid Conditions – A

generalized Procedure.
• Modify the design details for Real Fluid Conditions.
 Basic Rules for Design of An Ideal Turbo-machine
• Enumerate the details of source or demand.
• Calculate Specific speed and identify the fundamental
concept of operation.
• X1 (Impulse)+X2(Reaction)+(1-X1-X2)(centrifugal)
• Y1 (Radial)+(1-Y1 )(Axial)
• Design of Flow Path using Conservation of rothalpy.
• Design blade cascade using conservation of mass and
momentum.
• Design of Radial Geometry using Radial Equilibrium
Theory.
• A design of an Ideal Machine…..
• Real Performance will be lower ……
 Basic Rules for Design of A Real Turbo-machine

• More customized rules along with the general rules.

• Customized rules are specific to application:
• Power consumption Vs Power Generation.
• Radial Vs Axial.
• Incompressible flow Vs Compressible.
• In Reality:
• Design analysis of A Real Machine is an Exclusive
Scientific Art.
• Define and evaluate a series of correction factors.
Basic Steps in Design of Hydro Power Plants

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department

A Hydro Power Harvester…….

A Two-Way Welfare for the Globe
Varieties of Hydro Resources Available in Nature…

Each Resource is naturally fit in the classification?

Any modification of the resource is required for better
harvesting of resource?
 The Size of A Power Project

• A Macro Power Project : > 100 MW.

• A Small Power Project : 5 MW to 25 MW.
• A Mini Power Project : 500 kW to 2 MW.
• A Micro Power Project : 50 kW to 200 kW.
• A Pico Power Project : < 30 kW.
 Geographical
Description of India
 Hydrological
Description of India
 MACRO -HYDRO-POWER POTENTIAL IN INDIA

India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric potential and

ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-potential on global scenario.
BASINS/RIVERS POWER POTENIAL IN
MW
Basin/Rivers Probable Capacity (MW)
Indus Basin 33,832
Ganga Basin 20,711
Central Indian River 4,152
system
Western Flowing 9,430
Rivers of southern
India
Eastern Flowing 14,511
Rivers of southern
India
Brahmaputra Basin 66,065
Total 1,48,701
List Of Hydro Electric Power Stations In The Country With
Station Capacity Above 25 MW as On 30 June 2013

NO.OF CAPACITY
REGION/ NO.OF UNITS
STATIONS (MW)
Northern 61 206 15523.25
Western 28 101 7392.00
Southern 67 240 11387.45
Eastern 18 65 4078.70
North Eastern 10 29 1242.00
All India
184 606 39623.40
(Total)
 More Details of Macro Hydro Power Plants
NO. OF UNITS
STATION CAPACITY (MW)
X SIZE (MW)
Bhakra – l hydro electric
5*108 540.00
power station
Bhakra – r hydro electric
5*157 785.00
power station
Ganguwal hydro electric
1*29.25+2*24.2 77.65
power station
Kotla hydro electric power
1*29.25+2*24.2 77.65
station
Dehar hydro electric power
6*165 990.00
station
Pong hydro electric power
6*66 396.00
station
 MACRO HYDRO-POWER PROJECTS IN INDIA
S.No. Project River / State Installed
Capacity
1 Bhakra Sutlej & Beas/ Himachal Pradesh 1225 MW
2 Dehar Sutlej / Himachal Pradesh 990 MW
3 Kalinadi Stage-I Kalinadi 910 MW
4 Sharavathy Sharavathy / Karnataka 891 MW
5 Koyna Koyna / Maharashtra 880 MW
6 Nagarjuna-Sagar Krishna / Andhra Pradesh 810 MW
7 Idduki stage-I Idukki, Kalavu & Cheruthan / Kerala 780 MW
8 Srisailam Krishna / Andhra Pradesh 770 MW
9 Salal Chenab / Jammu & Kashmir 690 MW
10 Ranjit Sagar Ravi / Punjab 600 MW
11 Chamera - I Ravi / Himachal Pradesh 540 MW
 MAJOR HYDRO-POWER PROJECTS IN INDIA
S.No. Project River / State I
C
1 Bhakra Francis Turbine Sutlej & Beas/ Himachal Pradesh 1
2 Dehar Francis Sutlej / Himachal Pradesh
3 Kalinadi Stage-I Francis & Kaplan Kalinadi
4 Sharavathy Pelton Wheel Sharavathy / Karnataka
5 Koyna Pelton Wheel Koyna / Maharashtra
6 Nagarjuna-Sagar Francis Turbine Krishna / Andhra Pradesh
7 Idduki stage-I Pelton Wheel Idukki, Kalavu & Cheruthan / Kerala
8 Srisailam Francis Turbine Krishna / Andhra Pradesh
9 Salal Francis Turbine Chenab / Jammu & Kashmir
10 Ranjit Sagar Francis Turbine Ravi / Punjab
11 Chamera - I Ravi / Himachal Pradesh
Small Hydro Map of India
 Methodology of HEPP Development

• Site Survey: Hydrological & geological Survey.

• Estimation of Potential
• Regulations & Environmental Concerns
• Feasible Supply
• Turbine Selection
• Costing and Payback.