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Air Quality
& You
Scalable Intelligent Air Quality
Monitoring and Response through the
Internet of Things, Cloud Computing,
and Machine Learning and Intelligent
Systems
Michigan family of 6 dies from CO poisoning
• February 21-22, 2016
• Power knocked out by strong winds
• Father hooked up generator in
basement
• No CO detectors
• CO: colorless, odorless
• Symptoms: dizziness, weakness,
headaches and flu-like symptoms

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/michigan-family-dead-co-poisoning_us_56cb5dede4b0ec6725e35f36
Long term air quality most certainly affects your health.

Conclusion of one recent

research study published
February 18:

Beijing’s highly polluted air

resulted in weight gain and
cardiorespiratory and metabolic
dysfunction in rats.

http://www.fasebj.org/content/early/2016/02/18/fj.201500142.abstract
 • February 3rd: Warehouse fire in Highland Park, MI (city encompassed on all sides by
Detroit): Residents and businesses east of the fire evacuated due to smoke inhalation
danger. Boil Water Advisory issued due to resulting low water pressure.
• Lasted four days.

Source: http://www.wxyz.com/news/crews-battle-massive-fire-at-highland-park-warehouse
 Warehouse fire
February 12th
• Burned for 20 hrs
• Smoke detectable by
weather radar
• School closures

Source: http://www.wsj.com/articles/new-jersey-warehouse-fire-burning-out-of-control-1455283632
 Detroit Marathon
Refinery:
• Release of 16.5 tons of SO2
allowed under existing
license
• Requesting to increase
pollutant release
• Wayne County Commission
forms Task Force in February
• Most pullulated part of
state?

http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2016/02/07/deq-marathon-refinery-already-allowed-hike-pollution/79832926/
‘Untamed Motorization’ Wraps an Indian City in Smog
• Asia Pacific | New Delhi Journal By NIHARIKA MANDHANA DEC. 26, 2012
THE PROBLEM
• Some large urban cities, like Detroit, only appear to have a couple of
air quality monitoring stations (W Lafayette). This does not do a very
good job of capturing neighborhood AQI data around the refinery for
instance, around other industrial areas in the city, or for residents
that happen to live across the street from the next major warehouse
fire.
• Having one AQI for a city does not do residents of that city justice, nor
help them figure out where to go within reasonable distance in the
city during times of high particulate matter concentrations.
Municipalities such as New Delhi appear to have many more and this
data is displayed on a map but not much intelligence is derived from
it. Data in itself is not terribly useful. Additional work must be done to
make data understandable and actionable or useful.
 Real-time Air Quality Index (AQI)
New Delhi + Neighboring Cities on March 17th, 2016

Source: http://aqicn.org/city/india/new-delhi/us-embassy/
What is it like where you are?
• For us home is Detroit, Michigan and for Thursday, March 17, 2016:
In the Morning: In the Evening:

Source: https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=91
EPA Air Quality System (AQS)
Obtaining AQS data:
https://www.epa.gov/aqs/aqs-
obtaining-aqs-data

• Data is fairly comprehensive

but by city, still covers a large
amount of area. Does not
take into account neighboring
factories or refineries for
example. Detroit is a very
large city land area-wise and
encompasses two smaller
cities that do not have
monitoring stations, one of
which contains a factory for
producing the Chevy Volt.
Ultrafine particles (UPF) and Health
• UFP: diameter < 100 nm
• contribute to an increase in systolic blood pressure of children
• no effects on systolic blood pressure were found for the nano-sized
fractions with a diameter > 100 nm, nor PM2.5, PMcoarse, and PM10
 Takeaways 4 Your Own Health
Be conscious of the quality of the air you breathe- indoor as well as
outside. Protect your health through AQI data and your own monitoring
devices.
Install monitoring devices
Don’t run generators indoors
Check your car’s tailpipe for obstructions and make sure the vehicle is off
in the garage.
Remember: If you breathe in excess CO it may kill you before
symptoms appear.
Wind helps stop significant fine particulate build-up. However you don’t
want to open your window if the AQI is high. In the event of extremely
high AQI, place yourself in a filtered room or wear a mask.

EPA
Click here for Steps to Reduce Your Exposure asthma
Flyer
 Our Solution: Several gas leak detection monitors using Amazon AWS,
Visualization through Elastic’s Kibana, Machine Learning, and Drones

Hardware SENSE

MQ2 Gas Sensor MQ5 Gas Sensor MQ9 Gas Sensor

• LPG, i-butane, methane,
alcohol, hydrogen, smoke,
other combustibles
• 300- 10,000 ppm
• Connected to A0 on HW
• LPG, natural gas, town • carbon monoxide, coal
gas gas, and liquefied gas
• 300- 10,000 ppm • 10-1,000 ppm CO, and
100-10,000 ppm Gas
• Connected to A1 on HW
• Connected to A2 on HW
 Hardware (1) SENSE++

Winsen MP503 Gas Sensor SM-28 GPS LEA6 Intel Edison

• carbon monoxide, • GPS Location • Intel® Atom™ CPU

alcohol, acetone, +32-bit Intel®
• Connected on Quark™
formaldehyde UART • 1GB RAM
• Successor to
• Arduino Uno like
TP401 pins with Breakout
• Connected to A3 • WiFi + Bluetooth 4.0
Amazon Web Services

• S3 cloud service
• IoT service [over MQTT]
• Machine Learning
• Elastic Search + Logstash + Kibana
• Simple Notification Services
• AWS SDK, AWS IOT SDK
Learn, Inform, Share, and Persuade

• Visualization through Kibana

 Drone Response
• A drone that responds to sensor data (systemic peaks) autonomously.
Navigate to the sensing node and capture visual glimpses of the
premises and send pictures and video for human analysis.
• Future work: the pictures sent by the drone, using ML would be used
to detect certain dangerous objects that could cause collateral
damage (e.g. propane tank). No human would be needed to examine
the images/ video. Send text based on the images from the scene. It
would understand what the images mean and send a text message
based on that.

Project documentation link:

https://www.hackster.io/iot-warriors/scalable-
intelligent-air-quality-monitoring-b72732