SPECULATIONS OF AUTONOMOUS BUILDINGS IN INDIAN CONTEXT

Why autonomous buildings?????

SOURCE :- https://archiobjects.org/zero-energy-house-by-snohetta-great-architecture-meets-efficiency

 It is self sustainable

 It contributes to the society by donating the extra amount of energy stored.

 It helps in increasing the use of renewable energy over non – renewable energy.
C O N T E N T S

BACKGROUND STUDY

INTRODUCTION

AIM, OBJECTIVE, METHODOLOGIES

SCOPE, LIMITATIONS ENERGY OF BUILDINGS

INTRODUCTION

DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES

CASE STUDIES CHANGE IN OPENINGS

DETAIL OF AN AREA

CONCLUSIONS
 BACKGROUND STUDY
• An Autonomous building is a building which is designed to be operated independently,
having self support energies such as the electrical energy, gas energy, municipal water
systems, sewage systems, storm drains, etc.

• British architects Brenda and Robert Vale have said that, as of 2002,
"It is quite possible to construct a 'house with no bills', which would be comfortable without
heating and cooling, which would make its own electricity, collect its own water and deal with
its own waste. It is possible to build a "house with no bills" for the same price as a
conventional house.”

Source :- houseofswitzerland.org/headlines/house-provides-its-own-energy
• In the 1970s, a group of activists and engineers calling themselves the New
Alchemists believed the warnings of imminent resource depletion and starvation. The New
Alchemists were famous for the depth of research effort placed in their projects. Using
conventional construction techniques, they designed a series of “BIOSHELTER" projects, the
most famous of which was the ARK BIOSHELTER community.

• The 1990s saw the development of Earthships, similar in intent to the Ark project. The
building material is tires filled with earth. This makes a wall that has large amounts of thermal
mass. Berms are placed on exposed surfaces to further increase the house's temperature
stability. The water system starts with rain water, processed for drinking, then washing, then
plant watering, then toilet flushing, and finally black water is recycled again for more plant
watering. The cisterns are placed and used as thermal masses. Power, including electricity,
heat and water heating, is from solar power.

ARK BIOSHELTER EARTHSHIPS

Source :- gaiadiscovery.com Source :- arch20.com

 INTRODUCTION
•In the wake of the greenhouse effect and global energy crisis, finding sources of clean,
alternative energy and developing everyday life applications have become urgent tasks. This
study proposes the development of an “Autonomous Building” emphasizing the use of
modern green energy technology to reduce environmental load, achieve energy autonomy
and use energy intelligently in order to create a sustainable, comfortable living environment.
The houses’ two attributes are: (1) a self-sufficient energy cycle and (2) autonomous energy
control to maintain environmental comfort. The autonomous building thus combines energy-
conserving, carbon emission-reducing passive design with active elements needed to
maintain a comfortable environment.
 AIM
• The aim of the project is to show how autonomous buildings can replace other types of
buildings in Indian context in order to spread the idea of self sufficient & independent kind of
buildings.
OBJECTIVE
• The objective of this project is to stop the negative impact of other buildings on the
environment by using a variety of technologies, for instance low – energy building techniques
( daylighting, solar collectors, photovoltaic systems, geothermal heat pumps, recuperators,
etc. ) innovative water management ( domestic sewage treatment plants).
•Especially nowadays, it is important to emit less carbon dioxide & other pollutants. By using
the principles of sustainability we can achieve a self energy generating building that would
consume its own energy in meting the needs.
•To calculate the energies consumed in daily life and how autonomoucity can help in reducing
the energy consumption of a building.
 METHODOLOGIES
• A brief analysis of historical
background
PRIMARY • Analysis of literature regarding
this topic.
• Calculation of energy consumption
Of a house.
• Analyse the parameters that are
• Affecting the consumption of
Energies in a building

Case study of housing

in Allahabad.
SECONDARY
Case study of buildings in
Indian context ( all climatic conditions)
Calculations of energy consumptions of
Some buildings.
 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NET ZERO &
AUTONOMOUS BUILDINGS ????

NET ZERO AUTONOMOUS

Produces that optimum amount of energy
that is required for the building.
Produces that maximum amount of energy
that can be required for the building.
Therefore the extra amount of energy
stored can be later contributed to the
society.
 SCOPE
• To find an analytical approach of energy calculations consumed by a house in India.

• To incorporate autonomous functionality in existing buildings in India.

• To reduce the energy consumptions of a building.

LIMITATIONS
• My research will be limited to a house of 5members (2bhk).

• My study will be limited to the building itself.

•My study will be limited to not use of software's.

•My study will be limited to Indian context.

 ENERGY CAN BE
CONSUMED IN THE
FORM OF
For every
construction an
amount of soil is
excavated. this
ACTIVE PASSIVE excavated soil can be
used in the form of
ENERGY ENERGY construction material
and thus saving the
USE OF MECHANICAL INDIRECTLY USE OF EMBODIED energy of
EQUIPMENTS SUNLIGHT the materials of the
house.

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS USE OF THE HEATING

TECHNIQUE

BATTERIES STORING THE HEAT FOR

FUTURE USE
 MAJOR CLIMATES OF INDIA
COLD & SUNNY

COLD & CLOUDY

COMPOSITE

HOT & DRY

COMPOSITE WARM & HUMID

WARM & HUMID

MODERATE
HOW LESS ENERGY CONSUPTION WILL MAKE A BUILDING AUTONOMOUS????

 Utilization of the earth excavated in the form of building materials will lessen the
embodied energy of any material.

 Having proper daylighting will enhance the quality of the space

 Having proper openings will enhance the quality of air in a space

 Utilization of proper passive energy will lessen the artificial heating and cooling
of a space thereby reducing the artificial energy consumption.
PHYSICAL ASPECTS THAT CHANGES THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A SPACE

 Orientation  Climate of that area

 Space Size  Environment

ENERGY IN A BUILDING IS MAINLY CONSUMED BY :-

 Roof

 Walls

 Doors

 Windows

Source :- Residential Energy Source :- Residential Energy

Consumption Survey Consumption Survey
Energy in a house is consumed in the
form of

 FAN
 AC
 COOLER
 FRIDGE
 TV
 WASHING MACHINE
 DVD PLAYER
 COMPUTER
 LIGHTING
 HEATER
 OVEN
 TOASTER
 PUMP
CASE STUDIES
WARM & HUMID CLIMATE
(ALLAHABAD)
 The selected building is a 4-storey concrete framed structured multifamily residential
house comprising 44 apartments The material used for the building structure is reinforced
cement concrete and envelope is made from brick masonry. Each flat consists of bed room,
living room, kitchen and restroom in the floor area of 40 m2 . The calculated U-values
(includes outside air film for exterior surfaces) using e-Quest simulation software for various
elements of the building are listed below: Roof: 5.08 W/m2 K; Ceiling: 4.73 W/m2 K;
Window: 10.85 W/m2 K; External wall: 2.15 W/m2 K; Ground floor: 5 W/m2 K.
Life cycle energy of the building is estimated by summing up the energy incurred for
construction (initial embodied), operation, maintenance (recurring embodied) and finally
demolition of the building at the end of its life.
The building is partially occupied during day time between 9.00 am to 5.00 pm and is fully
occupied during night time and fully operated during weekend. Comfort indoor air
temperature is set as 25˚C for cooling and 18˚C for heating. Coefficient of performance
(COP) of window air conditioner is taken as 3 for cooling and 0.9 (taken as a conservative
value) for electrical resistance heating. Thus, calculated annual electrical energy demand
of the building for its operation is then converted to primary energy using primary energy
conversion factor.

3D model of the building studied

Summary of simulation output
 BUILDING MAINTENANCE
Energy consumption estimation for the future maintenance (recurring embodied energy)
is computed based on the estimated life span of the building materials and components
following same procedure as explained in evaluation of initial embodied energy of the
building.
Material percentage share of initial embodied energy Percentage share of materials (by weight) used in the construction.

Operating energy distribution by activity

 CONCLUSION
 The case study presents the life cycle energy analysis of a multifamily
residential house in Allahabad, India. It shows that while the
operating phase of building is very significant (89%), the
manufacturing phase is also not negligible (11%). Steel, cement, and
bricks are most significant materials in term is found to be 75 GJ/m2
and energy index as 279 Multi storey houses can be preferred
ofcontribution to the initial embodied energy profile of the building.

 Though embodied energy of the buildings accounts only 11% of the

LCE of the building, opportunity for its reduction through low
embodied energy materials should also be considered.
COLD & CLOUDY
(SHIMLA)
 COMPOSITE
BIDANI HOUSE , FARIDABAD
PROJECT NAME
Bidani House

LOCATION
Faridabad

ARCHITECT
Arvind Kishan

CLIMATIC ZONE SOURCE :- http://arvindkrishan.com

Composite
The site is oriented to the North East direction.
 SOURCE :- http://arvindkrishan.com

Maximum exposure is given to south east for living spaces, and buffer spaces, on the
south west to eliminate heat gains during summer.

This is a project that demonstrates a situation where a climate responsive form is

achieved in an existing urban situation with a fixed orientation and size.
 CONCLUSION
 House form developed around courtyard (acts as heat sink)

 Large volumes of spaces coupled with courtyards for ventilation

 Buffer spaces located on the overheated south western

exposure.

 Form of the building allows solar penetration according to

seasonal changes

 Pergola and louvers cut off unwanted radiation.

 Local stone used as major construction material, which provides

thermal mass for attenuation of diurnal swings in temperature.
 HOT AND DRY
SHAKUNTALA HOUSING
(LIVE)
LOCATION : SHIVPURI,
GWALIOR

PROJECT : SHAKUNTALAM
APPARTMENTS

NUMBER OF DUPLEXES :- 40

KEY FEATURE :- HAVING

AMPLE AMOUNT OF SPACE IN
THE VERANDAH. (BACKYARD)
This area can be used Ample amount of
for cultivation of small space is wasted.
fishes which could
provide food

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SOURCE :- Self

The entrance of the building is towards the north side.

If the windows were broken into
slits then the air would be more
cooler & would be suitable for dry
SOURCE :- Self
climate
 The total skylight roof
ratio is:-

Net Glazing area

Gross exterior roof
area
6/18 = 1:3

 HEAT GAIN DUE TO SHGC

OF GLASS = 160 X 0.3
= 48% OF THE
TOTAL HEAT
GAIN
 CONCLUSION
 AVERAGE ENERGY CONSUMED BY THE DUPLEX IS 12500KWH IN GAS & 3100KWH IN
ELECTRICITY.

 IF WE INCLUDE THE FUNCTIONS OF AUTONOMACITY THEN THE WHOLE CONSUMPTION

OF ENERGY CAN BE REDUCED BY 25 % OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMED.

COMPARISION
DUPLEX DUPLEX WITH AUTONOMOUS
FUNCTIONS
TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMED TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMED
PER YEAR :- 15600KWH PER PER YEAR :- 11700KWH PER
YEAR YEAR
THER ARE 40 DUPLEXES IN SO IN TOTAL 1,56,000 KWH
THAT SOCIETY OF ENERGY IS SAVED PER
YEAR.

 IN GWALIOR THERE ARE ABOUT 50 TO 60 HOUSING SOCIETIES AND MORE SOCIETIES ARE
BEING DVELOPED, SO IF WE TAKE AN AVERAGE OF NEAR ABOUT 200 TO 300 DUPLEXES
THEN THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ENERGY THAT CAN BE SAVED IS ABOUT 11,70,000KWH.
 CHARTS SHOWING DIFFERENCE IN THE ENERGY
CONSUMPTIONS BY TWO TYPES OF BUILDINGS

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN CONVENTIONAL BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN SELF SUSTAINABLE BUILDING

C C

Source :- LEED
 COMPARISION
 If we look at the case studies then we will find that:-

USE OF TECHNOLOGIES THAT MAKES A BUILDING SUSTAINABLE

USE OF ORIENTATIONS & DIFFERENT APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABILITY

 INFERENCE
 By the end of this year, the amount of energy need for cooling will increase from 13 %
to 26 %.

 Due to this, it will affect at a global level which will deplete the ozone layer.

 So, to stop this we can make autonomous buildings in Indian context that will help to
reduce the usage of energy & contribute energy to the society.

 Therby India will be leading in all its attributes & will be focussing in a better future.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Ranjan, Rahul (2017). “Energy deprivation of Indian households: evidence from NSSO
data” 18-33.

2. The world bank (2008). “Energy deprivation of Indian households: evidence from NSSO
data” 36-61.
3. Prayas energy group (2011). “energy saving potential in indian households from
improved appliance efficiency”.12-35.
4. International energy efficiency (2015) “World energy outlook special report”. 4-26.
5. Kumar Sahu Santosh (2008). “Trends and Patterns of Energy Consumption in
India”. 11- 31.
6. Pachauri Shonali (2012). “Energy Policy”- “Direct & Indirect energy consumptions
in India. 23-75.
7. http:// www.mospi.nic.in.

8. Energy efficient buildings in India. (Ministry of non conventional energy resources)