PRINCIPLES

OF
MANAGEMENT

Presented by:
Aniruddh Sharma 1–1
Topics of Discussion
• 1. What is Management?
• 2. Who are managers?
• 3.Features of Management
• 4.Why, Where and When Management?
• 5. Managerial levels / Classifying managers
• 6.Managerial concerns
• 7. Management Functions
• 8. Managerial Roles
• 9.Managerial Skills

1–2
MANAGEMENT: Meaning & Definitions
• “Management is the art of getting things done through and with an
informally organised groups” - Harold Koontz

• “ Management is a distinct process consisting of planning,

organising, leading and controlling performed to determine &
accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources.”
- George R. Terry

“ To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to compound, to

coordinate and to control.” - Henry Fayol

“Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then

seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way.” – F.W.Taylor

1–3
• “Working with human, financial and physical
resources to achieve organisational objectives
by performing the planning, organising, leading
and controlling functions.”
• - Megginson and Mosley

• “A set of activities directed at the efficient and

effective utilisation of resources in the pursuit of
one or more goals.” - Van Fleet, Peterson
Who Are Managers?
• Manager
 Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of
other people so that organizational goals can be
accomplished.
(Advertised a vacancy)

 Who is the best manager in the world?

 Indian Management

 Mumbai Dabbawalas
 FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT
• 1.Art as well as Science
• 2.Management is a continuous process
• 3.Aims at maximising profit
• 4.It is a purposeful activity
• 5.Management is getting things done
• 6. Decision making activity
• 7.Universal Application

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–6

Exhibit : Universal Need for Management
Why Study Management?
• Rudyard Kipling: I always keep six honest
serving men with me

• The Value of Studying Management

 The universality of management
 Good management is needed in all organizations.
 Management is needed to allocate resources to the most
profitable channels and ensure its rational use.
 Management is needed to guide and direct people.
 Management is needed to see that there is a proper
communication in the organisation and people are motivated
to give their best to the organisation.
Where Management?
• Where two or more people work together to
attain some objectives, management is required.
Larger the number of people employed, more
complex will be the problems of management.

• When Management?
• It is a continuous process in organization. It is
not possible to hire managers when there is a
crisis or problem & fire them after the same is
over.

1–9
Classifying Managers
• First-line Managers
 Individuals who manage the work of non-managerial
employees.
• Middle Managers
 Individuals who manage the work of first-line
managers.
• Top Managers
 Individuals who are responsible for making
organization-wide decisions and establishing plans
and goals that affect the entire organization.
Exhibit 1 Managerial Levels
• Managerial Concerns

 Efficiency
 “Doing things right”
– Getting the most output
for the least inputs
 Effectiveness
 “Doing the right things”
– Attaining organizational
goals
Exhibit -2 Effectiveness and Efficiency in Management
Functions of Management

 Planning
 Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals, developing
plans and procedures to integrate and coordinate activities.

 Organizing
 Arranging and structuring work to accomplish organizational goals.
 Identifications of activities & dividing activities into groups
 Allocating activities to different departments and assigning duties
 Delegation of authority and fixing responsibility

 Directing
 Working with and through people to accomplish goals.
 It includes communication, Motivation and Leadership
  Controlling
 Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work.Steps taken to ensure
that the activities of the people conform to the plans and objectives
of the organisation

Staffing:
• Providing the organisation with adequate , competent and qualified
personnel at all levels in the organisation.

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Exhibit -3 Management Functions
Mintzberg Managerial Roles

 Interpersonal roles
 Figurehead, leader, liaison

 Informational roles
 Monitor, disseminator,
spokesperson

 Decisional roles
 Disturbance handler, resource
allocator, negotiator
What Managers Actually Do (Mintzberg)
• Interaction
 with others
 with the organization
 with the external context
of the organization
• Reflection
 thoughtful thinking
• Action
 practical doing
MANAGERIAL SKILLS

 Technical skills
 Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field

 Human skills
 The ability to work well with other people

 Conceptual skills
 The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and
complex situations concerning the organization
Exhibit 1–5 Skills Needed at Different Management Levels
 Exhibit 1–6 Conceptual Skills

• Using information to solve business problems

• Identifying of opportunities for innovation
• Recognizing problem areas and implementing
solutions
• Selecting critical information from masses of
data
• Understanding of business uses of technology
• Understanding of organization’s business model

.
 Exhibit 1–6 Communication Skills

• Ability to transform ideas into words and actions

• Credibility among colleagues, peers, and
subordinates
• Listening and asking questions
• Presentation skills; spoken format
• Presentation skills; written and/or graphic
formats

.
Exhibit 1–6 Effectiveness Skills

• Contributing to corporate mission/departmental

objectives
• Customer focus
• Multitasking: working at multiple tasks in parallel
• Negotiating skills
• Project management
• Reviewing operations and implementing
improvements
Exhibit 1–6 Effectiveness Skills (cont’d)

• Setting and maintaining performance standards

internally and externally
• Setting priorities for attention and activity
• Time management
Exhibit 1–6 Interpersonal Skills (cont’d)

• Coaching and mentoring skills

• Diversity skills: working with diverse people and
cultures
• Networking within the organization
• Networking outside the organization
• Working in teams; cooperation and commitment