Solutions to Test 05

•  
Situation 1

∑= 0 30 + 56 = 13(20)
By double integration method:
El y" = M.
El y" = 6.8 x - 13(x - 10) + 56(x - 20)
El y' = 3.4 x2 - 6.5(x - 10)2 + 56(x - 20) + C1
El y = 3,4 x3 - 6,5 (x - 10)3 + 28(x - 20)2 + C1 x + C2
At (0,0): C2 = 0

Finally :
Slope, 6 = y' = t[ 3.4 x2 - 6.5(x - 1092 + 56(x - 20) - ] Eq.(a)
Deflection, = y = [-(x-10)^3 + 28(x-20)^2 - x] Eq. (b)
•  
Part 1: Rotation at A, x = 0
Ɵ = y’ = [-kN-m^2] Ɵ=-
Ɵ = - 0.00571 rad = -0.326°
Part 2: Vertical Deflection at B, x = 10 m
δ = [[-(10-10)^3- (10)]
δ= ==
δ = - 44.917 mm
Parts 3 and 4: Rotation and deflection at C, x = 20 m
Ɵ = [ 3.4 (20)^2 – 6.5(20 -10)^2 + 56(20 -20) - ]
Ɵ = + 0.1063°

δ = = [ (20)^2 – (20 -10)^2 + 28(20 -20) - (20)]

δ = - 40.54 mm
•  
Parts 5 and 6: Maximum deflection
At maximum deflection, slope y’ = 0
Assuming that the maximum deflection is within BC, M will not be included (10 m
< x < 20 m)
y’ = [3.4 - 6.5 (x – 10)^2 - ] = 0
x = 13.404 m < 20 m (OK)

δ = [ (13.404)^3 – (13.404 -10)^3 - (13.404)]

δ = - 48.24 mm
•  
Situation 2:
Given: = 34 MPa = 67 mm
= 415 MPa = 32 mm
b = 350 mm c = 360 mm
h = 680 mm

= (^2 = 804.27
= 0.85 - ( - 28)
= 0.85 - (34- 28) = 0.8071

a=c a = 0.8071(360)
a = 290.6 mm
= 0.85 a b
= 0.85 (34) (290.6) (350)
= 2 939.1 kN
•  
Stresses in steel:
Tension:
= 600
= 421.67 MPa
Use = 415 MPa

= 600
= 118.33 MPa
Compression:
= 600
= 185 MPa
= 488.3
Use = 415 MPa
•   == xx 32 = 415 x 3(804.27) = 1001.3 kN
= 118.33 x 2(804.27) = 190.3 kN
= x x 2 = 185 x 2(804.27) = 297.6 kN
= x3 = 415 x 3(804.27) = 1001.3 kN

+ += +
= 2 939.1 +1001.3 +297.6 – 190.3 – 1001.3
= 3046.4 kN
=0 = (273 +e) + (182) = (546) + (364)
e = 382 mm
Reduction factor,
Since the maximum tensile stress in steel, is less than 1000 MPa, the column is
within the transition zone of compression-controlled and tension-controlled section.
1000 MPa
Note: 1000 MPa is the stress corrersponding to a strain of o.005 with E= 200GPa
= 0.65 + 0.25 = 0.65 + 0.25 = 0.6528
= 0.6528(3046.4)
= 1988.8 kN
•  
Situation 3:

w= + w = 40 + 70
w = 110 kN-m
Maximum moment in beam:
= =
= 2 695 kN-m
Moment capacity () of the beam without cover plates:
= 060 = 150 MPa
= 150 =
= 1887.097 kN-m
Required moment of inertia at midspan, :
= d/2 + plate thickness = 352 mm
= 150 =
= 6 324 x
•  
Width of cover plate:
= + about NA
6 324 x = 3 900 x +[ + (42) (b) (310 + 21] x 2
b = 263 mm
Required length cover plate:
R = wL/2 = 770 kN
=R -w 1887.097 = 770 + 110
= 3 167.36 mm
=L–2 = 14 – 2(3.1636)
= 7 665 m
Rotation and deflection (by Area-Moment method):
•   dA= R= xdx- = 770 x – 55 kN-m
dA = (770 x – 55 ) dx
Rotation at A:
= = () = +
= + = 0.0116 rad
= 0.6621
Rotation at B:
= = () +
=
= + = 0.0074 rad
= 0.4221
•  
Situation 4
Given :
= 800 mm = 27 MPa
= 300 mm = 415 MPa
d = 590 – 90 = 500mm = 0.85
Tension steel, = () ( x 8 = 4926
Compression steel, = = () ( x 2 = 402
Balance condition:

= =
= 295.57 mm
•  a = c a = 0.85(295.57)
a = 251.23 mm
z = a -= t = 121.23 mm
Stress of compression steel:
= 600 = 600
Use =
Forces : = x = 166.9 kN
= 0.85 t = 2 386 kN
T= x

=0 T= + +
= 166 900 + 2 386 800 + 834 700
= 8165
Balance moment:
= (440) + (435) + ()
= 166 900(440) + 2 386 800(435) + 834 700(370 – 121.23/2)
= 1 369.9 kN-m
•  
At balance condition the section is compression-controlled, = 0.65
= 0.65(1 369.9)
= 890.45 kN-m
Maximum Steel Area:

CODE (ACI 10.3.5/NSCP 410.4.5):

For nonprestressed flexural members and nonprestressed members with factored
axial compressive load less than 0.10 at nominal strength shall not be less than
0.004.

Minimum tensile stress in extreme tension steel at nominal strength:

= 0.004 x 200 000 = 800 MPa
= 600 800 = 600
c = 3d/7

Note: For rectangular beam, =

 c = (500) = 214.29 mm = 600 = 432 MPa
•   a = c = 182.14 mm Use = = 415 MPa
z = a – t = 52.14 mm

=0 T= +
= ( + t)
(415)= 166 900 + 0.85(27)(800) x 130 + 300 x 52.14)
= 7 019

Moment capacity of the section:

Note: In this example, the tension steel yield because
T= T = 4 926(415)
T = 2 044.3 kN
Assuming compression steel does not yield, = 600 & a t
•  

=0
T= +
2 044 300 = 0.85 a +
2 044 300 = 0.85(27) (0.85 c) (800) + 402 x = 600
c = 123.1 mm
a = c = 104.6 mm t(OK)

= 600 = 307.5 (OK)

•= (d  =–0.85
a/2) + (d – d’)
a (d – a/2) + (d – d’)
= 0.85 (27) (104.6) (800) (500-104.6/2) + 402 (307.5) (500 -60)
= 914.27 kN-m

Reduction factor : (ACI 10.3.4 / NSCP 410.4.4)

Steel strain for tension-controlled, 0.005 ( 1 000 MPa)

= 600 = 600
= 1,837 MPa 1 000 MPa (tension-controlled)
OR
0.005 (200,000) = = 600
= 3d/8

 The section is tension-controlled if c 3d/8

3/8 (500) = 187.5
Since c = 123.1 187.5, the section is tension-controlled
•Ultimate
  Thusmoment
= 0.90
capacity, = 0.90 (914.27)
Ultimate moment capacity, = 822.8 kN-m

Safe service live load:

Dead loads:
Weights of beam: =
= 23.5 x [0.3 (0.59 – 0.13) + 0.8 (0.13)]
= 5.678 kN/m
Floor load: = xS
= 3 x 4 = 12 kN/m
Total dead load: = 5.678 + 12 = 17.678 kN/m
= = 822.8
= 102.86 kN/m
= 1.2 +1.6 102.86 = 1.2 (17.687) + 1.6
= 51.022 kN/m
= xS 51.022 = x 4
= 12.75 kPa
•  
Design of Stirrups: ( = 0.75, = 275 MPa)
=
Length of beam, L = 8m
Effective depth, d = 500 mm
Reaction at supports, R = L/2 = 411.42 kN
Factored shear at critical section, = R - d = 359.99 kN
Factored moment at critical section, = R(d) - (d) (d/2) = 192.85
= 0.93 1 (OK)
modification factor, = 1 (normal weight concrete)
= 2 – 28 mm = 1,231.5
= d = 0.00821

= (0.17 ) d
= ( 0.17(1) + 17(0.00821) (0.93) (300(500)
= 152.04 kN
•= -  = - 152.4
= 327.95 kN (0.66 d = 514.42) OK
s= s=
s = 65.86 mm
•  
Situation 5:
Given : b = 75 mm = 248 MPa
d = 100 mm = 414 MPa
t = 12 mm = 190 mm
Allowable tensile stress on gross area, = 0,6 = 148.8 MPa
Allowable shearing stress in weld, = 0.4 = 165.6 MPa
Section properties:
= 75 (12) = 900 = 6 mm
= 88 (12) = 1056 = 56 mm
= + = 1956
=
= = 32.99 mm
Gross capacity of double angle:
P = x x 2 P = 148.8 x (1956) (2)
P = 582.11 kN
•  
Weld (Longitudinal only):
= P/2 = 291.05 kN
=
190 (32.99) = (67.01)
= 93.56 mm

L= +
L = 283.56 mm

= 0.707 L
291,050 = 165.6 (0.707) (283.56)
= 8.77 mm

With transverse weld:

= + 190 (32.99) = (67.01) + 100 (17.01)
= 68.18 mm
•L =  + + = 358.18 mm

= 0.707 L 291,050 = 165.6 (0.707) (358,18)

= 6.94 mm
•  
Situation 6:
Given : = 2,856
= 24.5

Strengthen based on gross area yielding:

= x = 345. x 2,856
= 985.32 kN
LRFD: = 0.90
Design tensile strength: = 0.90 (985.32)
= 886.79 kN
ASD: = 1.67
Allowable tensile strength: =
= 590 kN
•  
Strength based on net area rapture:
Net area,
Path (1) – (1):
= - (hole + 2)t
= 2,856 – (24 + 2) (12) = 2,544
Part (1) – (2):
= - +t
= 2,856 – 2 x (24 + 2) (12) + (12) = 2,349.2
U = 1 - 0.90 U = 1 - 0.90
U = 0.93 use U = 0.90
= U = 0.90 (2,349.2)
= 2114.28
LRFD: = 0.75
Design tensile strength: = 0.75 (951.42)
= 713.57 kN
ASD: = 2 = =475.7 kN
•  
Situation 7

L = 400 m H = 60 m
Sag, S= 40 w = 160 kN/m

W = w x L = 64,000 kN
The cable takes the shape of the parabola. A parabola has a property that if tangents
are drawn from two different points, they always meet halfway.
Thus, for the tangents drawn through A and C:
tan = tan =
= 21.801°
=0 2T sin Ɵ = W
2T sin 21.801° = 64,000
T = 86,162.64 kN (maximum tension in the cable)
•  
Size cable:
T= xA 86,162.64 x = 800 x
Axial loads in each tower:
P = T sin Ɵ + T sin α P=86,162.64 (sin 21.801° + sin 45°)
P= 92,926 kN
Bending moment at base of tower:
P = T cos Ɵ x H - T cos α x H
M = 86,162.64 (60) (cos 21.801° - cos 45°)
M = 1.144 x kN-m
Volume of concrete anchor block:
W = T sin α W = 86,162.64 x sin 45°
W = 60,926 kN
Volume = Volume =
Volume = 2,592.6
•  
Situation 8
Effective slenderness ratio:
X – axis:
= 0.7 = 12 m
= 156.96
/ = 53.52
Y- axis:
= 0.7 =6m
= 86.33
/ = 69.51
Use KL/r = 69.51
Using the 2001 NSCP:
= = 125.66
Since KL/r
α = = 0.533
•   FS = + -α- = 1.853
Allowable stress, = (1 - ) = (1 - )
= 114.28 MPa
Allowable axial load:
P= x P = 114.28 x 53,516
P = 6,116 kN
P= + 6,116 = 2000 +
= 4,116 kN
Using the 2010 NSCP
Nominal axial strength:
= x
= 0.85 (LRFD) = 1.67 (ASD)
= =
= 408.602 MPa
•  
Since 0.44 :
=) = ) 250
= 193.519 MPa
= = 193.519 x 53,516
ASD:
Allowable strength: = =
= 6,201.4 kN
= + 6,201.4 = 2000 +
= 4,201.4 kN
LRFD:
Design strength: = 0.85(10,356.34)
= 8,802.89 kN =
= 1.2 + 1.6 8,802.89 = 1.2 (2000) + 1.6
= 4,001.8
•  
Situation 9

Reactions:
=0 12 = 40 (4) + 50(80) + 30(10)
=0 = 5 kN
Section a-a:
=0
+ 71.667 – 30 = 0
FEF = -41.667 kN
Section b-b:
•= 0  (1.5) + 5(1.5) – 50(2) – 30(4) + 5(1.5) +71.667(6) = 0
= -140 kN
=0 71.667 – 30 – 50 - (3/5)= 0
= -13.889 kN
•  
Situation 10
Weight of chimney:
A = - = 2.25
Volume = A x 18 = 40.5
Weight, W = ρ g Vol
Weight, W = 2000 x 8.81 x 40.5
Weight, W = 794.339 kN

Moment of inertia:
I= =
I = 1.922
Moment t base:
M = 850 (2.5) (18) x 9
M = 344.25 kN-m
Stress at base, f = -
•  
Parts 1 & 2:
f=- f=-
f = -353.039 223.902
= -353.039 +223.902 = -129.137 kPa
= -0.129

= -353.039 -223.902 = -576.94 kPa

= - 0.576 MPa
Part 3:
Tensile stress can occur at point A.
set = 0 and solve for M

f=- 0=-
M = 542.8 kN-m
M = (p x 2.5 x 18)(9) 542 = 405p
p = 1.338 kPa
p = 1,338 Pa