PAIN

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DEFINITION

– The art of applying pigments to a surface in order to present a picture of the

subject.
MEDIUM
Different type of medium
MEDIUMS

– The choice of the medium is a crucial aspect in an art

– They differ not only in their inherent qualities but also in the effects they
produce
– Favorite mediums: Oil and Fresco
OIL

– Done with the use of ground pigments mixed with linseed oil and turpentine or
thinner.
– Reasons: long-lasting, slow in drying, easy to handle and manipulate texturally,
and capable of being corrected.
– Can be apply in two ways: direct and indirect method
OIL

Direct Method
In which the paints are opaque and once they are applied on the surface, they dry
up and give the finished product its final appearance.
OIL

Indirect Method
In which the paints are transparent and they are applied in many thin layers or
coatings. Richness in the opacity of light and depth of shadow are some of its good
effects.

Fernando Amorsolo’s oil painting

Vicente Manansala’s oil painting,
“Farmers”
“Fruit Vendor with Twin Sons”
FRESCO

– Painting is done with the use of earth pigments mixed with water and applied to
fresh plaster or glue which attaches the color to the surface like a wall.
– When the plaster is wet, it is described as buon fresco or true fresco.
– When the plaster is dry, it is described as fresco secco or dry fresco.
– Advantage: durability
– Disadvantage: Fresco is an exacting medium because it is quick to dry so the painter
must be a fast worker and because it is difficult to correct. It is also not movable
because it is attached to the walls; and fresco paintings are subject to loss in the
event that the walls are destroyed.
 FRESCO

Michael Angelo Buonarotti’s fresco

painting , Leonardo da Vinci’s self-portrait
“The Creation of Man”
WATERCOLOR

– Done with then use of pigments mixed with water and applied to fine white
paper.
– White paper, cambric, parchment, ivory, and silk
TEMPERA

– Done with the use of ground pigments mixed with an albuminous or colloidal
vehicle. Being an emulsion, tempera readily dries with the evaporation of water
and this characteristics is one of its advantage. Another advantage is he effect
on the wooden panel, its ground or surface – luminosity of tone.
– Its quick-drying is also a disadvantage; it allows little blending or fusing of
colors. The used of tempera suffered a decline in the 1300s when oil paint was
invented in Northern Europe. Nevertheless, it is still used today.
PASTEL

– Done with the use of pastel colors closely resembling dry pigments bound to
form crayons, which are directly applied to the surface, oftentimes paper. A very
recent and very flexible medium, pastel is not popular among artists because it
is difficult to preserve a pastel painting due to the tendency of the chalk to rub
off.
ACRYLIC

– Done with the use of synthetic paints called acrylics mixed with a vehicle
capable of being thinned with water.
– One of the most widely used mediums today due to its availability in the
market, acrylic paint possesses the flexibility of oil and the transparency and the
fast drying ability of watercolor.
ENCAUSTIC

– Done with the use of hot wax as a vehicle to bind pigments too a wooden panel
or a wall.
SUBJECT
SUBJECT

– The prehistoric men painted animals and other things of nature on walls of
caves
– The early Egyptians painted fragments of life stories of the pharaohs.
– The ancient Greeks and Romans were so fond of their male and female deities.
– The renaissance painters did portraits of Mary and Jesus and depicted biblical
stories.
PORTRAITURE

– Portraits are pictures of men and women singly or collectively.

– In photography, an art allied to painting, portraits are among the favorite
subjects.
A N I M A L S AND P L A N T S

– During the ancient times, man’s primary concern was survival.

Example painting of animals and plants

STIL L LIFE

– A painting of an inanimate object or a non-living thing placed on a table or

another setting

Example still life painting a coffee pot and bottles

COUNTRY LIFE

– Painters living in the countryside have access to scenes happening daily in their
community

Example country life “planting rice”

LANDSCAPE

– Any of the land forms can be the subject of a landscape painting. These land
forms include the volcano, the mountain, the hill, the valley, the plain, the
plateau, the cliff and the like.
SEASCAPE

– Any of the water forms can be the subject of the seascape painting. These
water forms include the ocean, the sea, the river, the lake, the brook, the pond,
the falls, and the like.
CITYSCAPE

– An aerial view of a city or a portion of it can be the subject of a city scape

painting.
EVENTS

– This are among the favorite subject of painters.

RELIGIOUS ITEMS

– Such as Holy Famiy, Madonna and Child, Jesus Christ, angel, saints, and religious
objects.
TOOLS
TOOLS

– Brushes, palette, the palette knife or spatula, and the easel.