Unit Title: DISCIPLINE OF ART

Title of the Lesson: Visual Art

Duration: 3 hours

Introduction
The visual arts are those creations that we can see rather than something like the
auditory arts, which we hear. These art forms are extremely diverse, from the artwork
that hangs on your wall.
These are the arts that meet the eye and evoke an emotion through an expression of
skill and imagination. They include the most ancient forms, such as painting and
drawing, and the arts that were born thanks to the development of technology, like
sculpture, printmaking, photography, and installation art, the latter combination of
multiple creative expressions. Though beauty is in the eye of the beholder, different
eras in art history have had their own principles to define beauty.

Objectives/Competencies:
● Describe, analyze and interpret created artwork in painting, architecture,
sculpture and photography.
● Recognize elements of design in works of art in painting, architecture, sculpture
and photography.
● Analyze visual and structural features of works of art and architecture. ●
Differentiate and categorize art work in painting, architecture, sculpture and
photography.
● Perform basic camera shots and angles to capture images.

Lesson Proper!

WHAT IS VISUAL ART?

● The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture,
ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts, and architecture. ● Visual
arts refers to art experienced primarily through the sense of sight. ● The three
classical branches of visual art are painting, sculpture and architecture - according to
Vasari, Giorgio in the book “The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and
Architects”.

THE THREE CLASSICAL BRANCHES OF VISUAL ARTS:

1. PAINTING
- The art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by the use of pigments
(A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water.)
- The practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface
a. OIL PAINTING
- Pigments are mixed in oil
- The most familiar type of painting is done with oil on canvas.
- The surface to be suitable must receive oil paint freely and yet not absorb it, can
withstand temperature changes and not crack the pigment on it.
- Oil color is the best method for convincing representation where exact
reproduction of a color tone is necessary.
- Pigments can come from many sources: minerals, vegetable matter, coal tars,
and other chemical combinations

Watch oil painting in action: https://youtu.be/l6TAzCBNqgE

Duration: 3:33
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. texture of the pigments)

b. TEMPERA PAINTING
- Mixture of ground pigments and an albuminous or colloidal vehicle, either egg,
gum, or glue, used by Egyptian, Medieval, and Renaissance painters. - Special
characteristic: EMULSION
- Watery, milk-like texture of oily and watery consistency.
Advantages of Tempera
- Rapid drying
- Great luminosity of the stone
- Colors are clear and beautiful

Watch tempera painting in action: https://youtu.be/GXzaLMR7VQI

Duration: 3:10
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. texture of the pigments)

c. WATERCOLOR PAINTING
- Pigments are mixed with water and applied to fine white paper. -
Require a high degree of technical dexterity.
- Paper is the most commonly used for ground.
- Opaque watercolor is also called “gouache”
- Made by grinding opaque colors with water and mixing the product with a
preparation of gum and adding Chinese white to transparent watercolors.

Watch watercolor painting in action: https://youtu.be/wYLAsh24yyE

Duration: 3:55
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. texture of the pigments)

d. PASTEL
- The most recent medium
- Possesses only the surface of light, gives no glazed effect, and most closely
resembles dry pigments.
- Pigment is bound so as to form a crayon which is applied directly to the surface,
usually paper.
 - As support for pastel, a pastel paper, pasteboard or canvas is used.

Watch pastel painting in action: https://youtu.be/bSAowdxfWOE

Duration: 3:20
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. texture of the pigments)

e. FRESCO PAINTING
- Fresco means fresh. Fresco painting is a wet plaster made of sand and quick
lime.
- Colors are mixed with water and applied to fresh plaster which absorbs the color. -
Since the pigment has been incorporated with the plaster, it lasts until the wall is
destroyed.

Watch pastel painting in action: https://youtu.be/jWwJ9Xuq84E

Duration: 3:03
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. texture of the pigments)
f. ACRYLIC PAINTING
- The newest medium and the one that is used widely by painters today. -
Synthetic paints using acrylic emulsion as binder.
- Combined with transparency and quick-dry qualities of watercolor and as flexible
as oil.
- It is completely insoluble when dry and can be used almost on any surface.

Watch acrylic painting in action: https://youtu.be/wobXMrVBNAw

Duration: 3:00
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. texture of the pigments)

2. SCULPTURE
● Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. ●
In choosing a subject for sculpture, the most important thing to consider is the
material.
● Substances available for sculpture are limitless.
● Some of the earlier sculptures are made from bone or wood.
● Different materials required different methods of handling.

KINDS OF SCULPTURE MATERIALS

a. Stone and Bronze
- The media most commonly used for sculpture are stone and metal. - Stone is
durable, resistant to elements, fire and other hazards. On the other hand, it is
heavy and breaks easily.
- Marble is the most beautiful of stones. Plenty in Greece and Italy and commonly
used. High gloss and polished; more or less permanent.
- “Pieta” by Michael Angelo in the Vatican City & The head of Ptolemy I are made
of marble.
 Watch stone sculpting in action: https://youtu.be/LRTvZGV4O-I
Duration: 3:30
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. how is it being done)

b. Wood
Wood carving is a form of woodworking by means of a cutting tool in one hand or a
chisel by two hands or with one hand on a chisel and one hand on a mallet, resulting in
a wooden figure or figurine, or in the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object.

Watch stone sculpting in action: https://youtu.be/t7FULOl9U5U

Duration: 2:52
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. how is it being done)
c. Ivory
Ivory Statues survive through long periods of time due to the intrinsic value of the
material. Ivory lends itself to technical mastery. Popular to ordinary craftspeople. Many
statues of saints have heads and arms made of Ivory. Ivory lacks the vigor of wooden
statues. Like wood, it also cracks. Seldom used today.

d. Terra Cotta
“Terra Cotta” means “Cooked Earth”. It is made when Moist Clay is molded and then
subjected to heat. Moderately Coarse Clay product fired at a comparatively low
temperature. Usually painted and coated in heavy glaze. Breaks and Chips Easily, not
strong; cannot stand great strain or weight.

Watch Terra Cotta sculpting in action: https://youtu.be/_vZVH2e7bq0

Duration: 5:01
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. how is it being done)

Other Materials
1. Aluminum
2. Chromium
3. Steel
4. Plastic
5. Chemically Treated Clay & Stone for casting in liquid form
*** Plastic is less expensive for use as a casting material than metals and less fragile in
many ways. Beauty; lightness makes it preferable to other materials.
3. ARCHITECTURE
Architecture is the branch of the visual arts that is designing and constructing buildings.

Materials In Architecture
The materials used in a building and the methods which are used in assembling them
are among the factors contributing to architectural style. Availability of materials is
important. Durability and beauty is the basis of choosing the materials.

Some world’s famous Architecture:

4. PHOTOGRAPHY
- Also a branch of Visual Art defined as the art, application and practice of creating
durable images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image
sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic
film. It is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing and business, as
well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational
purposes, hobby, and mass communication.
- Photography is the art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a digital
sensor or film, to create an image. With the right camera equipment, you can
even photograph wavelengths of light invisible to the human eye, including UV,
infrared, and radio.

Camera Shots and Angles (selected)

1. Extreme Close-up - goes beyond the standard close-up by focusing on a single
feature of the subject.
2. Close-up - Aims at creating a stronger connection to the subject. To easily
emphasize the emotion and details of the subject.
3. Medium Shot - A subject is captured from the center of its body to its top. The
entire body is not completely visible, but close enough to establish a primary
connection with the subject.
4. Full Shot or Long Shot - Allowing to see not only the subject but also its
 environment. Full shots help to take photographs that establish a subject’s
position within the world. Other times, a subject can be surrounded by seemingly
endless isolation.
5. Low Angle - Taking a photograph from a low angle, also known as a ‘worm’s-
eye view’, makes subjects appear larger than normal. The lens sees the scene
from a point of humility while the subject towers over the world. A photograph
taken from a low angle to help establish dominance or power.
6. High Angle - Looking at the exact opposite situation, the high angle can be used
to make a subject appear small or vulnerable. Commonly known as the ‘bird’s-
eye view’.
7. Eye level - The eye level shot is considered the most natural camera angle.
Capturing the shot at eye-level offers a neutral perception of the subject. 8. Aerial
Shot - Captured above the subject/s, in well spended movies, Aerial shot usually
taken from a helicopter or drone, is captured from way up high. It establishes a
large expanse of scenery.
9. Dutch Angle or Dutch Tilt Shot - The camera is slanted to one side. With the
horizon lines tilted in this way, you can create a sense of disorientation, a de-
stabilized mental state, or increase the tension.
Examples and Patterns in Camera Shots:
Additional topic:
Film, also called movie, motion picture or moving picture, is a visual art-form used to
simulate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or
atmosphere through the use of moving images. These images are generally
accompanied by sound, and more rarely, other sensory stimulations.[1] The word
"cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and the film
industry, and to the art form that is the result of it.

Watch different techniques in Camera Angles and Shots

URL: https://youtu.be/_vZVH2e7bq0
Duration: 7:56
TASK 3:
APPLICATION: Part 1
Write a paragraph about your personal experience for each Branches of Visual Art. You
can take a picture of this artwork or search it from the internet or book. Explain why or
how it became influential to your life.
Write your words in a 1 whole yellow pad and print the image (if any) to a bond paper.
Or compile it in one document as Docx, PDF, ppt etc...

APPLICATION: Part 2
Choose a subject of your choice, either object, person or any. Use your phone camera
to try the Camera Shots and Angles. Compile it in any document format (Docx, Google
Docs, WPS, PDF)

TASK 4
POST TEST - Identification:Check yourself if you got the lesson.

____________________1. Painting that the pigments are mixed in oil.

____________________2. Painting that is watery, milk-like texture of oily and watery

consistency.

____________________3. Painting that the pigments are mixed with water and applied
to fine white paper.
____________________4. Painting that the pigment is bound so as to form a crayon
which is applied directly to the surface, usually paper.

____________________5. Painting that the colors are mixed with water and applied to
plaster which absorbs the color.

____________________6. Marble is the most beautiful of this sculpture material. Plenty

in Greece and Italy and commonly used. High gloss and polished; more or less
permanent.

____________________7. Carving this sculpture material is by means of a cutting tool

in one hand or a chisel by two hands or with one hand on a chisel and one hand on a
mallet.

____________________8. Cooked earth means "______________"

___________________9. Camera Shot or Angle that is considered the most natural

camera angle.

___________________10. Shots that help to take photographs that establish a

subject’s position within the world.
Reflection/Learning Insights
Reflection: After watching the videos and reading the content of Visual Art. Describe the
things you have learned in each branch of visual art (Painting, Sculpture, Architecture
and Photography). Compose at least 3 or more sentences per branch.

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SELF EVALUATION: Check your level of progress in this module. You will use this
medium to rate your level of your mastery of the lesson. For “PRE” column, check the
level of mastery prior to studying the lesson and for “POST” column after you have
completed the module. This will give you a clear interpretation about the level of
progress you gained from this module.
TARGETS -I don’t -I am starting -Sometimes I -I can
understand to learn. get confused. accomplish it!
yet. -I don’t -I am starting -I make -I learn with
have any idea to challenge minimal confidence!
about it myself mistakes -I can do it!

Beginner Developing Proficient Exceeds

Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post

Describe, analyze
and interpret created
artwork in painting,
architecture,
sculpture and
photography.

Recognize
elements of design
in works of art in
painting,
architecture,
sculpture and
photography.

Analyze visual and

structural features
of works of art and
architecture.

Differentiate and
categorize art work
in painting,
architecture,
sculpture and
photography.

Perform basic
camera shots and
 angles to capture
images.

REFERENCES:

"Paint | Definition of Paint by Merriam-Webster."

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paint. Accessed 13 Aug. 2020.

Mayer, Ralph,The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Third Edition, New
York: Viking, 1970, p. 312.

"Art Materials". Daler Rowney. 2012-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-05.

"aquarelle, n.". OED Online. March 2020. Oxford University Press.

Mora, Paolo; Mora, Laura; Philippot, Paul (1984). Conservation of Wall

Paintings. Butterworths. pp. 34–54.

Ward, Gerald W. R., ed. (2008). The GroveEncyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in
Art. Oxford University Press. pp. 223–5.

en.museicapitolini.org (in Italian).

Liebson, Milt (1991). Direct Stone Carving. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 0-88740-305-
0. Page 9.

Robert L. Thorp, China in the Early Bronze Age: Shang Civilization, University
of Pennsylvania Press (2013).

See for example Martin Robertson, A shorter history of Greek art, p. 9, Cambridge
University Press, 1981

https://www.cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/resources/pub/E-Ivory-guide.pdf

"architecture". Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture

Spencer, D A (1973). The Focal Dictionary of Photographic Technologies. Focal Press.

p. 454. ISBN 978-0-13-322719-2

https://photographylife.com/what-is-photography

https://petapixel.com/2015/09/22/8-camera-angles-from-the-world-of-cinema-that-can-h
elp-improve-your-photos/
https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/types-of-camera-shot-angles-in-film/#aerial-shot