Unit IV.

Performing Arts

Lesson III. Theater & Cinema

Duration 3hrs

Introduction

Theater and cinema were and still are an efficient means of spreading social
consciousness in many ways, as a means of entertainment and a liberal way of voicing
one 's opinion.

As the cultural customs and historical forces that influenced over the centuries,
theater in the Philippines is varied. The dramatic forms among the numerous people of
the archipelago that flourished and continue to flourish includes indigenous theater. The
play with Spanish influence, among that are komedya, the sinakulo, the plays, the
sarswela and the drama; and the theater with Anglo-American influence, which includes
bodabil and the plays in English and the modern or original plays. Primarily Malay
character that are seen in rituals, mimetic dances, and mimetic customs.

Film also relies on complex technology compared to theatre, since it involves

machinery and collective effort from participants to create it. But over the years, it has
developed into a highly successful, lucrative global industry and today's most common
creative representation and communication in a short period of time. The Philippine
cinema has a history that can be traced back to the early days of filmmaking in 1897,
when imported moving images were screened by a theater owner called Pertierra.

Learning Objectives

During the discussion, the student will be able to do the following:

✔ Describe theater and cinema as art forms.

✔ Analyze the elements and features of theater and cinema.
✔ Demonstrate value to theater and cinema through watching to videos. ✔
Perform, with a partner, a famous dialogue in a movie through available app like
tiktok, movie maker, etc.
 Theater

After answering activity 1and 2, I realize that

Theatre or theater, in dramatic arts, an art concerned almost exclusively with live
audience in which the choreography is precisely planned to carry out a coherent and
major sense of drama. While Cinema is a movie theater, cinema or cinema hall, known
as a picture house, the pictures, picture theatre or movies is a building for viewing films
for entertainment (Gayeta, 2010).

C. Abstraction

Elements of Theater Arts

1. The playwright and his play. In terms of real acts and

dialogue, the playwright needs to carry out his story to be
executed and spoken by actors within the stage 's minimal
facilities.
2. The performer. It is important for projects to serve as
character impersonation within a play and its responses
and
reactions to the situation in which it is involved.
3. The director. The director's job is to present, in terms of
the playwright's emotional and intellectual conception, a
play
he has interpreted and converted into dramatic action with
complete devices such as environments, sound and others.
Source: liveworksheets.com
4. Production design. It's called mise-as-scene, too. All the
scenery and sets, make-up and costumes, music, sound
and
other potential effects used in the theater production are
included.
5. Theater space. It is widely referred to as the point. With
the
intention of bringing life into motion where the viewer can
see
it, it is said to be an acting field.
Source: Philippine Stagers Foundationg@ssip.wordpress.com

Forms of Theater Space

A. Proscenium or Picture Frame Stage. During the Italian Renaissance, it was
introduced. In auditoriums and halls, it is typically formal. It is the stage which is
most widely used.
B. Thrust or Trestle Stage. It was developed by ancient Greeks and used for their play
festivals.
C. Booth Stage. It is said to be an open-air acting area as improvised and is usually
used by traveling troupes who have no access to a stage acting area theater
situated in the center of a square or a circle and surrounded by the audience.
D. Arena Stage or Theater-in-the-Round. This kind of space is often found outside the
theater for the acting area of the stage which is located in the center of the square
or circle and the audience surrounds it.
E. The created or Found Stage. This is non-conventional theater staging for the venue,
such as ordinary spaces, lecture halls, streets, restaurants, etc. are not really
used for acting.

What is Cinematography?

The art and craft of making motion pictures by visually

capturing a story is cinematography. Cinematography, however, is
theoretically the art and science of capturing light either
electronically on an image sensor or chemically on film.

It is the creation of images you see on screen. A series of

shots that form a cohesive narrative. Cinematography composes
each shot, considering, where everything in frame demands
attention.
Source: @ssip.wordpress.com

Technical Elements of Cinematography

1. Exposure

Exposure is one of the first things to remember when taking a shot. We're going to look
at this separately from lighting, because although both are connected, the camera
regulates exposure, while lighting is an environmental factor.

2. Composition

The composition of the picture is the second most strong aspect of cinematography.
How are the picture 's distinct parts arranged? Are your subjects in the center or on the
side of the image? Background or foreground?

On the big screen, the composition is particularly visible. The sides or the backdrop of a
shot can be easy to miss on a smartphone.You are more likely to note the extras in the
background or the characters on the outside of the frame on a large screen.

3. Camera Movement
The only thing moving during a scene might not be your characters. You will have to
determine whether you want a moving or static camera for each shot.

Cameras had less freedom of movement in the early days of cinema than they do today.
A tracking shot may require setting up a long track of a dolly. A 360-degree shot meant
hiding the crew and camera equipment strategically where it wouldn't be seen.

With the rise of steady cams and even drones these days, without breaking the fourth
wall or depending on an intricate camera rig, anyone can do a tracking shot.

4. CameraAngles

The angle of the shot is another essential aspect of cinematography. Some of the most
subtle camera movements, in fact, are simply shifts in the angle of the camera.

Tilting up from the feet of a characterto theirface might underline their height. The
opposite effect can be created by an overhead shot that tilts down. Titling can generate
a Dutch angle diagonally, which can produce a feeling of dizziness or unease.

5. Color
The use of color is often overlooked as a cinematography element. Is that not the work
of the stage designer? Or, the costume designer in the case of clothing?

Although the director and other crew members can make certain decisions, the way
color shows up on camera is a crucial part of your position as a cinematographer.

Sources: wolfcrow.com, masterclass.com

Ways to Appreciate Movies as an Art

(Punzalan, 2019, Art Appreciation)

1. Study the lessons in the previous chapters and get familiar with the fundamental
concepts of photography, music, and design elements and principles. 2. Expose yourself
to movies of various kinds. They claim that in order to understand films better, one must
watch a thousand films of various genres and styles. Watch films, documentaries,
experimental films from various countries that are critically acclaimed. 3. Watch your
movie more than once. Repeated viewing will allow you to remove yourself and critically
criticize the film.
4. To help you gain a broad understanding of their style as an artist, watch films by the
same director.
5. Be concentrated. When watching movies, determine which part of the movie you are
not interested in analyzing. You can choose to examine how the director used and/or
manipulated technical elements such as composition, lighting, editing and sound to tell
his story or concentrate on his message or what the film has to say about different social
, cultural or political issues.

Some Famous Philippine Theater Compositions

Walang Sugat 1902

As the dominant theater type in Manila, this sarswela is

credited with dislodging the komedya. Set in the last decade of
the 1890s, in the middle of a war with Spain and later with the
Americans, it revolves around the love story of Tenyong and
Julia. A revival was created at the Cultural Center of the
Philippines by the Zarzuela Foundation of the Philippines in 1970.
Guided by Daisy Avellana Hontiveros. Tanghalang Pilipino,
directed by Dennis Faustino in 1992 and Carlos Siguion-Reyna
in 2012, produced their own productions. In 2010, Tanghalang Ateneo presented its own
production, directed by Ricky Abad, with Salvador Bernal's same set and costume
designs used in the 1992 staging of Tanghalang Pilipino.

Ang Huling El Bimbo, 2020

Ang Huling El Bimbo is a friendship tale told

through
the songs of the most popular 90's Pinoy rock
band. It is an
original tale that should resonate with individuals
who
understand how our lives are formed by the
powerful
connection between mates. It will also be a journey
of
nostalgia, guided by songs that have become part of the
collective consciousness of Pinoy. Produced by Resorts
World Manila and Full House Theater Company, Ang Huling
El Bimbo is written by Dingdong Novenario and directed and
choreographed by Dexter Santos.

Noli Me Tangere: The Opera, 2019

The musical presentation follows the story of Juan

 Crisostomo Ibarra, who, after conducting scholarly studies in
Europe, returns to the Philippines. He wants to open a school
and marry his betrothed, Maria Clara. "Parish priest Padre
Damaso, archenemy of the Ibarras, however, is out to hiinder
the plans of Crisostomo, producing" a dramatic plot of prohibited
passion, deception and revenge. Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me
Not) depicts the abuses suffered by the native Indios at the
hands of Spanish tyrants. The opera paints us a clear picture of
the so-called social cancer that illustrates the rotten system of
governance, the illicit ways of the church and the unfavorable
trade of the privilege class.

Sources: cnnphilippines.com, rwmanila.com

Some Famous Philippine Films
Himala (1982)

Himala, recipient of the Bronze Hugo Award at

the 19th
Chicago Film Festival and a Viewer's Choice Award at
the 2008
CNN Asia Pacific Screen Awards, follows the story of a
young girl
in her small town in a remote northern village whose
dreams of
the Virgin Mary are stirring. The film was shot in just three weeks
and stars Nora Aunor, a much-loved Filipino actress, in what many
analysts rate as her career's best performance.

Hello, Love, Goodbye, 2019

Hello, Love, Goodbyel, a romantic drama starring Kathryn
Bernardo, Alden Richards and Maymay Entrata, tells the story of
Joy and Ethan, two Hong Kong-based Filipino workers. Despite
her plans to move to Canada to provide for her family, Ethan has
his heart set on finding Joy. As their burgeoning relationship
 continues to develop, it is apparent that the two will forever alter
the lives of each other.

Four Sisters and a Wedding 2013

The romantic sitcom, Four Sisters and a Wedding, is
set in
Manila , Philippines and stars Brenna Garcia, Bea Alonzo,
and Bea
Basa. The story of a Filipino family consisting of four sisters
and a
brother is told in the film. When the brother, the youngest of
the
siblings, reveals that he is going to get married, the sisters
concoct
a scheme to expose the deep-seated hatred they have towards each
other to talk him out of it.

Source: asherfergusson.com
D. Application

Task 4. The following are scenes from famous movies. Create your own version of
their dialogue.
Task 5.

Direction. Enumerate top 10 Philippine award-winning films/theater plays.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Reflection/Learning Insights

Direction. Answer the given question.

How do you personally connect or relate to these forms of art? Do you find this lesson
helpful in leveling up your aesthetic experiences?

Post-Test

1. His function is to present a play which he has interpreted and translated into
dramatic action with complete devices as settings, sound and others.

A. playwright and his play C. performer

B.director D. production design

2. It includes all the scenery and props, make-up and costumes, music, sound
and other possible effects.
A. playwright and his play C. performer
B.director D. production design

3. He workout the plot in terms of actual actions and dialogue to be performed

and spoken by actors within the limited facilities of the stage.

A. playwright and his play C. performer

B. director D. production design 4. It is usually formal in auditoriums and halls. It is the

most commonly used stage.

A.Proscenium C. Trestle Stage

B. Booth Stage D. Theater-in-the-Round 5. It was developed by ancient

Greeks and used for their play festivals.

A.Proscenium C. Trestle Stage

B. Booth Stage D. Theater-in-the-Round 6. The art and craft of making motion

pictures by capturing a story visually.

A.Theater C.Cinematography
B. Drama D. Performance Art

7. An art concerned almost exclusively with live audience in which the cheoreography
is precisely planned to carry out a coherent and major sense of drama.

A.Theater C.Cinematography
B. Drama D. Performance Art 8. This is responsible in how the separate pieces

of the image arranged.

A.Exposure C. Composition
B. Camera Movement D. Color
9. For each shot, you’ll have to decide whether you want a moving or static camera.

A.Exposure C. Composition
B. Camera Movement D. Color
 10. This often gets overlooked as an element of cinematography

A.Exposure C. Composition
B. Camera Movement D. Color

Final Requirement

Acting A Dialogue from Famous Movie Scenes

Here are suggested movies for your reference. You choose a relevant short
scene to perform through available app like tiktok, movie maker, etc.

A. Through Night and Day

B. 100 tula para kay Estella
C. Family History
D. Kimmy Dora
E. You’re My Boss
F. Ang Larawan
G. Mama Mia
H. Grease
I. The Greatest Showman
J. Into The Woods

References
Eunice D. Mercado, Ed.D., 2010, Art: Texts and Contexts An Interactive Workbook in
Humanities, 16 Concha St. Tinajeros Malabaon City, Jimcyville Publications Jovita
Punzalan, Art Appreciation, 2019, 369 Culianin, Plaridel, Bulacan, St. Andrew
Publishing House

Electronic Sources

Phil Drama and Theater

https://www.slideshare.net/ronacatubig07/phil-drama-and-theater?next_slideshow=1
Film 101: What Is Cinematography and What Does a Cinematographer Do?
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/film-101-what-is-cinematography-and-what-does-a-cinematographer
do#:~:text=Cinematography%20comprises%20all%20on%2Dscreen,color%2C%20exposure%2C%20and
%20filtratio n.