BACTERIAL CELL WALL & TOXIN

• Q&A
▫ Penicillin
▫ HIV
▫ What bacterium cant be Gram-stained & why?
What is microbe?
• 34:22
• 10:61
• 4:28
Bacterial cell wall and component
• Why?
▫ Probing nature shared by multicellular organism
▫ Applied level: industrial scale of antibiotics
▫ Pharmaceutical & healthcare: selective toxicity*

*Assignment
List 4 features of bacterium morphology that have
been manipulated for antimicrobial therapy.
Assignment
• The structure of peptidoglycan
• The principle of Gram-staining
• The structure of lipopolysaccharide
• What is periplasm?
• How can plasmid spread resistance?
Bacterial Toxins
• Disease producing vs opportunistic pathogens
• Endotoxins
▫ Lipid A of LPS
▫ depyrogenation
• Exotoxins
▫ A-B toxins eg: diphteria, cholera
▫ Cytolytic toxins eg: hemoysin, phospholipas
▫ Superantigen toxin eg: Staph Aureus toxic shock
syndrome