DEMAM

 Demam – peningkatan suhu tubuh akibat

adanya peningkatan suhu set point di
hipotalamus.

 Hipertermia – peningkatan suhu tubuh

akibat ketidakseimbangan antara
pembentukan dan pembuangan panas.

1
 Virus,
bakteria Pirogen endogen : Cytokines
Kompleks imun
Sel tumor

antipiretik Prostaglandin

Menaikkan
HYPOTHALAMUS
set point di
hipotalamus

2
Patofisiologi
demam
- menggigil

- merinding

- vasokonstriksi

- Merasa
‘kedinginan’

3
Patofisiologi demam
bila “thermostat” hipotalamus kembali normal
(karena diberi antipiretik atau penyakit
sembuh), suhu kembali turun ke nilai normal:

•berkeringat

•Vasodilatasi

•Merasa ‘kepanasan’

4
Pathophysiology of fever
Hyperthermia
 Hyperthermia is characterized by an
unchanged (normothermic) setting of the
thermoregulatory center in conjunction with
an uncontrolled increase in body temperature
that exceeds the body’s ability to lose heat.
 Exogenous heat exposure and endogenous
heat production are two mechanisms by
which hyperthermia can result in dangerously
high internal temperatures.
Hyperthermia
 Normal heat loss processes become
ineffective and elevated body
temperatures depress the
hypothalamus
 This sets up a positive-feedback
mechanism, sharply increasing body
temperature and metabolic rate
 This condition, called heat stroke, can
be fatal if not corrected
Hypothermia
Comparison : hyperthermia, hypothermia & fever