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Chapter 7control Microb Growth
Chapter 7control Microb Growth
Chapter 7
History
Humans vs. Microbes
• infections
• diseases
• plagues
• epidemics
• pandemics
Nursery Rhyme
Variola virus
Eradicated in 1977 (Somalia)
Methods to Control Microbial
Growth
1. Physical
2. Chemical
Terms used:
Sterilization vs. Disinfection
Sterilization
• destroying all forms of life
Disinfection
• destroying pathogens or unwanted organisms
Disinfectant vs. Antiseptic
Disinfectant
• antimicrobial agent used on inanimate objects
Antiseptic
• antimicrobial agent used on living tissue
cidal vs. static
Bactericidal - kills bacteria
Bacteristatic - inhibits bacterial growth
Fungicidal
Fungistatic
Algacidal
Algastatic
Factors that effect Antimicrobial
Activity
1. Temp
2. Time
3. Concentration of Antimicrobial agent
4. Type of Microbe
5. Activity of Microbe
6. Presence of organic matter
Targets of Antimicrobial Agents
1. Cell membrane
1. Heat
• works by denaturing enzymes and proteins
A. Thermal Death Point (TDP)
• lowest temp. at which all microorganism in a
liquid culture are killed in 10 minutes
B. Thermal Death Time (TDT)
• minimum length of time in which all
microorganisms in a liquid culture are killed at
a given temperature
Moist Heat
1. Boiling Water
• kills vegetative bacterial cells, Fungi and many
viruses
• not effective for endospores and some viruses
• Hepititis (20 min)
• Some spores may survive boiling water for up
to 20 hrs
Moist Heat
2. Autoclave (Steam under pressure)
• preferred method of sterilization
• culture media
• enzymes
• vaccines
• antibiotics
Radiation
1. Ionizing Radiation
• gamma rays & x-rays
• penetrates most substances
Used on substances that could be damaged
by heat
• plastic petri dishes
• plastic syringes
• catheters
• surgical gloves
Radiation
2. Non-Ionizing Radiation
• UV Light
• does not penetrate plastic, glass or proteinaceous
matter
Used to reduce microbial populations
• hospital rooms
• nurseries
• operating rooms
Thymine Dimers
Pasteurization
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
63 C for 30 minutes
72 C for 15 seconds (HTST)
Thermodurics
• able to survive high temps.
Methods used to control Microbial Growth
1. Heat
• Moist Heat
• Boiling Water
• Steam Heat (Autoclave)
• Dry Heat
• Direct Flaming
• Incineration
• Hot Air Sterilization (Oven)
2. Filtration
3. Radiation
• Ionizing Radiation
• Non-Ionizing Radiation
4. Pasteurization (Heat)