SPEECH MECHANISM

GROUP 1

1. Muhammad Muslih Zainuri (183106028)

2. Nathania Anindya A (183106009)
3. Ria Sari Febrianti (183106039)
4. Wahyu Amanda (183106070)

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT 1A
 What is
Speech Mechanism?
The conventional term for the system of
psychophysiological prerequisites that enable a
human being to make meaningful utterances and
to understand another’s speech.
Organs of Speech

Alveolar ridge
Upper Part Lower Part
 Stages of Speech Process
BREATHING/RESPIRATION STAGE

PHONATION STAGE

RESONATION STAGE

ARTICULATION STAGE
 Breathing/Respiration

• Provides airstream/energy for speech

• Organs of respiration :
1. Diaphragm
2. Lungs
 Diaphragm

•A large sheet of muscle

separating the chest
cavity from the
abdomen
•Forms the floor of the
chest and the roof of
the abdomen
•Gives pressure to the
breath stream
 Lungs

•Serve as the
reservoir of air
• As you inhale, fill
the lungs
comfortably in
preparation for
speech
 Phonation
• Takes place when voice is produced in speech
as the expiratory air stream from the lungs
• Occurs at laryngeal level
• Acomplished by vocal fold vibration
• Organs of phonation :
1.Larynx
2.Vocal cords
3.Trachea
 Larynx

•Principal organ of
phonation
•The major structure
is vocal folds/cords
 Vocal Cords

•A pair of bundles
of muscles and
cartilages
•Open and close at
various degrees
 Trachea

•Also known as
windpipe
•Passageway of air
going up from the
lungs
 Resonation
• The process of voice amplification and
modification
• Organs of resonation :
1. Pharynx
2. Nose
3. Mouth
 Pharynx

•Common passageway
for air and food
•Located behind nose
and mouth and
includes the cavity at
the back of the tongue
 Nose

•Nostrils : openings of the

external nose
•Nasal cavity : internal
nose, behind the external
nose through which the
air passes on its way to
the pharynx
•Septum : divides the
external and internal nose
into two separate
passageways
 Mouth

•Vestibule : felt by
placing the tongue tip
outside the teeth but
inside the lips
•Oral cavity : felt by
retracting the tongue,
closing the jaws and
moving the tongue
Vestibule Oral Cavity
 Articulation
• Occurs when the tone produced in the larynx is
changed into specific sounds
• Organs of articulation :
1. Lips
2. Teeth
3. Alveolar Ridge
4. Dome
5. Uvula
6. Velum
7. Tongue
 Lips
•Highly flexible
•Can be moved into
numerous positions
essential to
articulation
•Used in the production
of several consonant
sounds like /p/, /b/, /m/,
/w/, /f/, /v/.
 Teeth

•Serve as the important

surfaces in articulation
•Embedded in the
alveolar ridge or gum
ridges of the oral
cavity
•Used when we
pronounce /f/, /v/, /θ/,
/ð/
 Alveolar Ridge

•On the roof of the

mouth between the
upper teeth an the
hard palate or on the
bottom of the mouth
behind the lower teeth
•Used in the production
of the sounds /t/, /d/,
/s/, /z/, /l/, /n/.
 Dome/Hard Palate

•Bony roof of the mouth

•Serves as an important
surface against which
the tongue makes
contact
 Velum/Soft Palate

•Separates the nasal

pharynx from the oral
cavity
•A flexible curtain
attached along the rear
border of the hard
palate
 Uvula

•Small nub on the lower

border of the soft
palate
•Movable tip at the
midline of the free
border of the soft
palate
 Tongue
•It is involved in
producing almost all
the sounds of English
and usually divided
into four parts :
1. Tongue tip
2. Blade
3. Front of tongue
4. Back of tongue
 Tip of Tongue

•The tip of the tongue

accounts for one-third
of the surface of
tongue.
•Used for sounds like
/t/, /d/, /l/, /n/
 Blade

•The part of the top of

the tongue right
behind the tongue tip
•Used for sounds like
/∫/, /ʒ/, /t ∫/.
 Front of Tongue

•The large mass of the

tongue in the back of
the mouth.
•Used for sound /j/.
 Back of Tongue

•Located on the back

side of tongue near the
throat
•Used in sounds /k/, /g/,
/ŋ/.
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION