Optical Computing

A Presentation on CSE 532/ CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture

M . Rubaiyat Bin Sattar

ranganbd@gmail.com
14/9/2010

Submitted to Dr. Abul L Huq Course : CEG 433 , summer 2010

 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Introduction
• General meaning of the optical computing is the light computing.
→ Laser beam instead of electric current.
all internal circuits uses light instead of electricity.

Optical computing was the hot research topic in 1980’s but for the
limitation of materials it was not implemented. Engineers are still
trying to implement a complete optical computer .Today's Optical
computer known as Electro-optical-hybrid computer in which data is
received by electron and transferred by Optics .
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Background of optical computer

Albert Einstein says : speed of light is 3*10^8 per second which is
about 186,000 miles per second. So if we can make a computer with
light it will be faster than anyone can ever think of.

→ Prism and lens (1st idea )

Limitation :distortion of light
→ GaAs VLSI technology
and same time silicon photonic (Significant change )

Now An Optical Computer also called a photonic computer.

 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Concept in Optics

--> Wave Optics •Wave optics attempts to explain light as wave
--> Coherency phenomena means wave format.
Speed-of-light, 3108 km / sec. v =    = c
--> Fourier Optics
--> Lens as Phase Transformation
--> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Concept in Optics

--> Wave Optics • Manipulation of information carried by
--> Coherency electromagnetic waves
•The basic operation is the double Fourier
--> Fourier Optics transformations.
--> Lens as Phase Transformation
--> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals

In the below picture green laser for

writing the hologram of the input array
and a red laser for reading-processing.
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Concept in Optics

--> Wave Optics • Study of classical optics using Fourier
--> Coherency Transforms.
[a] 1D-2D Fourier transform
--> Fourier Optics [b] Correlation, Convolution
--> Lens as Phase Transformation [c] Storing complex function in film
[d] Phase hologram
--> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Concept in Optics

--> Wave Optics • A thin lens acts as a phase transformation if
--> Coherency (i) a ray entering at coordinates (x, y)
(ii) same coordinates on the opposite face.
--> Fourier Optics
--> Lens as Phase Transformation
--> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Concept in Optics

--> Wave Optics •The term anisotropy refers to a non-uniform
--> Coherency spatial distribution, which result different value
from several direction within same material
--> Fourier Optics •It can pass through at a single velocity.
--> Lens as Phase Transformation
--> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface

--> VCSEL Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser :
--> SLMs • semiconductor vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode that
emits light in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a
--> Integrated Optics fabricated wafer.
i) WDM
ii) Spectrum

VCSEL device structure and diagram

 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface

--> VCSEL Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser :
--> SLMs • semiconductor vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode that
emits light in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a
--> Integrated Optics fabricated wafer.
i) WDM
ii) Spectrum

Wafer Surface
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface

How VSCEL and Photodiode used for interconnection in circuit board:
--> VCSEL
--> SLMs
--> Integrated Optics
i) WDM
ii) Spectrum

VCSEL
• VCSEL convert electric singal to
optical when pass through pair of
lenses .
• Micro-mirrors are used to direct the
light beam
•Photodiode convert the optical signal
back to the electrical signal
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface

--> VCSEL •A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an object that imposes some
--> SLMs form of spatially-varying modulation on a beam of light.
→Basically it is used for display purpose.
--> Integrated Optics
i) WDM
ii) Spectrum
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface

--> VCSEL WDM (WAVELENGTH DIVISION ULTIPLEXING) :
--> SLMs • is a method of sending many different wavelengths . It can
transmit at 10 gigabits per second through the same fiber at the
--> Integrated Optics same time.
i) WDM
ii) Spectrum

Separating a beam of light into its colors

 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface

--> VCSEL Applications to Spectrum Analysis and Filtering
--> SLMs • Spectrum can be calculated from the result of a wavelet
transform. This high pass filter is calculated as the quadrature mirror
--> Integrated Optics of the low pass filter for analysis with orthogonal wavelets.
i) WDM
ii) Spectrum A wavelet is a wave-like oscillation with an amplitude.
Quadrature mirror filter split a input signal into two band

→The role of smart pixel technology and nonlinear

material in optical computing has become extremely
significant
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer Architecture

DeMorgan’s Law Three most basic
Shannon’s Law hardware
components .
Parallelism
They are > Source,
2D InterConnect a modulator, and
Logic Gates a detector.
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion
Two set of input
gate /Two words

Optical Computer Architecture

DeMorgan’s Law
Shannon’s Law
Parallelism function as
2DE InterConnect OR gate
L
Logic Gates
E
C
T
R
O
D
DeMorgans
law the output
Acoustic optic cell means sound or the sense of the inverter
of hearing (Like in a musical instrument) <AND>
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer Architecture

The control logic
DeMorgan’s Law architecture
Shannon’s Law
Parallelism
2D InterConnect
Logic Gates
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer Architecture CONTROL LOGIC

DeMorgan’s Law
Shannon’s Law AND OP
Parallelism
OR OP
2D InterConnect
Logic Gates

Transducers
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer Architecture

DeMorgan’s Law
Shannon’s Law
Parallelism AND function represent by following way :
2D InterConnect f1=x1x2x3….xnf(1,1,1,…1)
Logic Gates f2=xx1x2x3…xnf(0,1,1……1)
f3=x1xx2x3…xnf(1,0,1…..1) AND
f4=xx1xx2x3….xnf(0,0,1…..1)
.............................................
Fk=xx1xx2xx3…….xxnxf(0,0,…..0)

OR’ed and Boolean summed is –

Y(x1,x2,x3….xn)=f1+f2+f3…fk OR
[ where K=2^N functional ]
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer Architecture

DeMorgan’s Law
Shannon’s Law
Parallelism
2D InterConnect
Logic Gates
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept

All control Devices
matrices recorded Architecture
in the hologram
Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer Architecture

DeMorgan’s Law
Shannon’s Law DL = 1
Parallelism
2D InterConnect
Logic Gates

Cylindrical
DANE (detection
lens placed
,amplification
between, DANE
negation
and output
anddetector
emission
array represent
most primitive parallel method
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer Architecture

DeMorgan’s Law
Shannon’s Law
Parallelism
2D InterConnect
Logic Gates
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background
two Concept
Two dimensional Devices
dimensional control
input data Architecture
operate
array array
Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer Architecture Second operate Array

DeMorgan’s Law
Shannon’s Law
Parallelism
2D InterConnect
Logic Gates 2 Detector
Plane
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computer Architecture

Ultra-fast All-Optical LOGIC GATES for optical computing
DeMorgan’s Law
Shannon’s Law
Parallelism
2D InterConnect
Logic Gates

Green pulsed Nd:YAG input

laser was used together
with a red continuous wave
(cw) He-Ne beam.

He-Ne laser is the most

widely used laser with
continuous power
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Basic Structure of an Optical Computer

•Uniform Transfer light

•1A,1B,3A,3B,5A,5B,7A,7B ,
beams 11, 12 13 and 14
9A,9B are quadrangular
from
prismrespective
provided to light source
redirect
I,pass
II,IIIrespective
and IV orthogonal
light beams in single
•21,22,23,24,25,26,27
direction. & 28
denote excitation light
beams.
•Thin Film These light beam
element 2,4,6,8
Irradiate
respectively ontoprovided
the respective
prism
between through
blocksprism
1 and 3,
surface.
between 3 &5, between 5 &
7 and between 7& 9
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Holographic Memory
→Holographic data storage is a
potential replacement
technology in the area of high-
capacity data storage.

→ In a holographic memory
device, a laser beam is split in
two, and the two resulting
beams interact in a crystal
medium to store a holographic
recreation of a page of data.

→ 1 terabyte (TB) of data in a

sugar-cube-sized crystal.
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Development Boom Worldwide

• Photonics development
is booming worldwide

•significant milestone
and information between
brain on chip with the
process of light instead of
electrical signal.

•Using light instead of

wires to send information
between the cores can be
as much as 100 times
faster

• This technology has the

power to invent today’s
super computer
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computing : Next Generation

•Entirely optical computers will be invented in
future .

•We will see light without logic .Optical devices

will take place inside computers. NASA Scientist
are working for that .

•Optical computer networking will introduced in

future .
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Optical Computing : Next Generation

Scientist discovered an inch-long Amazonian beetle could hold the key to next-
generation optical computer chips. They found significant path for making today’s light
computer after researching on naturally possessed of a molecular arrangement.
 A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Conclusion
Optics has been used in computing for a number of years but for the
limitation of materials we have been seeing Electro-optical-hybrid
.Optical technology applied in today’s CD-Rom driver and their
relatives, laser printer, scanner and in mouse. It is not so far when we
will see total optical computer .

The smart pixel technology , rapid progress in silicon photonic ,

GaAs VLSI technique and faster design in algorithm will bring the new
generation Super optical Computer .
A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing

Introduction Background Concept Devices Architecture

Structure Memory Development Next Generation Conclusion

Thank You