Ramp Inspection

RAMP INSPECTIONS OF OPERATORS AIRCRAFT
RAMP INSPECTIONS
AIRCRAFT RAMP INSPECTION
OBJECTIVE.
This chapter provides guidance for
sampling the quality of maintenance
and the degree of compliance with
the operator's maintenance
procedures on in service airline
aircraft.
AIRCRAFT RAMP INSPECTION
GENERAL
CAA Inspection Personnel should be
familiar with the type of aircraft to be
inspected before performing the
inspection. This can be accomplished
by on the job training.
Time constraints may require that two
or more inspectors perform this task in
exterior and interior phases.
COORDINATION
Coordination between AW
and Ops inspectors may be
required
Use of a Identification Card
should relieve airport security
problems.
INITIATION AND PLANNING
This task is normally scheduled as part

of an AWI work program.
Planning. The ramp inspection
provides the AWI with a good
opportunity to ensure that the
compliance dates and requirements of
new ADs etc have been met.
Inspectors should become familiar
with current service difficulty
information.
MAINTENANCE RECORDING
All maintenance action must be

recorded.
Appropriate procedures should be in the
CMM.
All mechanical discrepancies must be
either corrected or deferred using the
methods identified in the CMM.
MEL procedures must be followed.
Any repetitive MEL procedures must be
accomplished and signed off in the
maintenance log.
OTHER DEFERRED MAINTENANCE
 Operators may use a system to monitor items

that have been inspected previously and
found to be within serviceable limits. These
items are still airworthy, yet warrant repair at a
later time or when items no longer meet
serviceable limits. This method of deferral
may require repetitive inspections to ensure
continuing airworthiness of the items.
Examples of items that are commonly
deferred in this manner are fuel leak
classifications, dent limitations, and temporary
(airworthy) repairs. (cont.)
DEFERRED MAINTENANCE
Passenger convenience item (not

safety/airworthiness related) deferrals
should be handled in accordance with
the operator's program.
The maintenance program approved
for an operator must provide for prompt
and orderly repairs of inoperative
items.
CABIN INSPECTION
This inspection should be performed,

when possible, without disturbing the
loading and unloading of passengers.
The inspection can still be performed
when some passengers are on board
during through flights, but good judgment
must be exercised by inspecting areas
away from the passengers.
Any discrepancy should be brought to the
attention of the flight crew or appropriate
maintenance personnel immediately.
CARGO/COMBINATION
CONFIGURED AIRCRAFT
Inspection results have disclosed
instances of significant aircraft
structural damage resulting from
careless loading of cargo, such as:
– Torn or punctured liners, indicating hidden
damage
– Damaged rollers, ball mats, etc., causing
structural damage to the floors
– Corrosion and structural damage caused
by improper handling of some hazardous
materials
PERFORMING THE INSPECTION
 This inspection must be accomplished

without interfering with the turnaround of
the aircraft. The following list of items are
just some of the activities that could cause a
delay if interfered with.
– Boarding and deplaning of passengers
– Servicing
– Fueling
– Maintenance
– Baggage handling
 Action to correct any deficiencies must be in
accordance with the CMM.
PROCEDURES
Initiate Ramp Inspection in Accordance

with CAA Work Program
Prepare for the Inspection
– Review the operator's schedule, select the
flight to be inspected, and determine the
type of equipment and ground time.
– Determine if any recent problem areas
have been identified for that type of
aircraft.
– Determine if recent regulatory changes and
AD requirements affect the aircraft to be
inspected.
INTERVIEW FLIGHT CREW.
Introduce yourself to the flight crew

and describe the purpose and scope of
the inspection.
Inspect Aircraft Maintenance Records
– Ensure that all open discrepancies from
the previous flight are resolved per the
operator's manual, prior to departure of
the aircraft.
– Review the maintenance records to
determine if repetitive maintenance
problems exist that might indicate a trend
CONDUCT EXTERIOR INSPECTION,
CONDUCT EXTERIOR INSPECTION,
Accompany a flight crewmember during

the exterior inspection, and inspect the
following, as applicable:
Landing gear and wheel well areas.
Check for:
– Any indication of wear, chafing, cracks, dents
– Structural integrity of gear and doors
– Hydraulic leaks
– Tire condition & pressure
– Wheel installation and safety locking devices
– Brake wear, line security, leaks
FUSELAGE AND PYLONS.
Inspect the following:

– Structure for cracks, corrosion, dents, or
other damage
– Fasteners (loose, improper, missing)
– Condition of radome
– Condition of pitot tubes
– Static ports (cleanliness and obstructions)
– Stall warning devices and other sensors
– Antennas (security and indications of
corrosion)
FUSELAGE AND PYLONS.

– Lavatory servicing areas (evidence of
fresh blue water streaks)
– Cargo compartments for integrity of fire
protective liners (no holes or unapproved
tape used for repairs)
– Emergency exit identification/markings
– Registration marking (legibility)
– All lights (general condition, broken
lenses, etc.)
WINGS AND PYLONS.

WINGS AND PYLONS.

– Structure for cracks, corrosion, dents,
damage
– Leading edge (dents and/or damage in
line with engine inlets)
– Leading edge devices (when open,
actuator leaks, general condition of lines,
wires, and plumbing)
WINGS AND PYLONS.

– All lights (general condition, broken lenses,
etc.)
– Flaps (cracks, corrosion, dents, and
delamination)
– Flap wells (general condition of lines,
wires, and plumbing)
– Static eliminators (number missing)
– Ailerons and aileron tabs (cracks,
corrosion, dents, delamination)
– Missing, loose, or improperly secured
access door/inspection panels and blowout
ENGINES.
ENGINES.

– Intake for fan blade damage, and oil leaks
– Ring cowl for missing or loose fasteners
– Cowling doors for security and proper fit
– Lower cowling for evidence of fluid leaks
– Exhaust for turbine and tailpipe damage,
and evidence of fluids
– Reverser doors for stowage and security,
and evidence of leaks
– Access doors for security
PROPELLERS.

– Leading edge of propeller for cracks,
dents, and other damage
– Deicer boots for signs of deterioration and
security
– Spinners for security, cracks, and
evidence of fluid leaks
EMPENNAGE.
EMPENNAGE.
Inspect the following:

Leading edge for dents
All lights (general condition, broken
lenses, etc.)
Missing static discharge eliminators
Elevator, rudder, and tabs (cracks,
corrosion, dents, and delamination)
Elevator and rudder power unit for
evidence of hydraulic leaks
GROUND SAFETY
Ground safety.

Positioning of support vehicles
Fueling of aircraft, to include the
following:
– Refueling pressure
– Condition of refueling unit (leaks, filter
change dates, exhaust system, etc.)
– Grounding
– Fire protection
– General fueling procedures
GENERAL CONDITION OF
RAMP
Check the following:
Provisions for grounding
Foreign objects on ramp
Fuel spills
General housekeeping/cleanliness
Passenger control
Fire protection
BAGGAGE.
Observe loading and unloading of

baggage compartments to include
the following:
– Baggage restraining system
– Load distribution
MAINTENANCE RECORDING -
MEL
Ensure that all MEL items are deferred in
accordance with the operator's approved MEL.
– Review the operator's approved MEL to
determine that conditions, procedures, and
placarding requirements are carried out to
correctly defer specific items.
– Note the date when an item was first deferred to
determine if the maximum allowed length of
deferral was exceeded. Accomplish this by
examining maintenance record pages, the
deferred maintenance list, or deferred
maintenance placards or stickers.
MAINTENANCE RECORDING
 Ensure that an airworthiness release,

maintenance record entry, or appropriate
approval for return to service has been
made after the completion of maintenance.
 Ensure that the maintenance record
contains the following for each
discrepancy:
– Description of the work performed or a
reference to acceptable data
– Name or other positive identification of the
person approving the work
– Name of the person performing work
INTERIOR INSPECTION
GUIDELINES
Examine the airworthiness and

registration certificates. Ensure
Airworthiness and registration
certificates are current and valid and
both certificates contain the same
model, serial, and registration
numbers.
FLIGHT DECK INSPECTION.

FLIGHT DECK INSPECTION.

– Instrument security and range markings
– Windows (delamination, scratches,
crazing, and general visibility)
– Emergency equipment,Seal on medical kit
– Seat belts and shoulder harnesses
– Check the following if using cockpit
jumpseat:
• Jump seat oxygen system - turn regulator
on and select 100% oxygen
• Interphone system
– Ensure that the jump seat is serviceable
including restraint
CABIN INSPECTION
CABIN INSPECTION.
Inspect the cabin to include the

following:
Lavatory. Ensure the following:
– Fire extinguisher system is installed in
sealed trash containers
– Smoke detection system is installed
– Rubbish containers are sealed according
to applicable AD(s)
– "No Smoking" placards are posted
– Ashtrays are available outside the
lavatory
FLIGHT ATTENDANT
SEATS.
– Pull the jump seat down to

ensure seat retracts (those
in the path of exits)
– Inspect seat belts for
general condition
CABIN EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT.
All equipment requiring periodic

inspections should have an
inspection date marked on it. Inspect
the following:
 Flight attendant flashlight holder
 Slide containers, to ensure containers are
properly marked for content. Check pressure
of slide inflation bottle if visible.
 Medical kit/First aid kit
 Emergency oxygen (proper pressure and
security)
CABIN EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT.
Inspect the following for security & general

condition:
 Megaphone(s)
 Fire extinguishers (security, pressure, seal,)
 Liferaft /life preservers, storage markings
 Emergency briefing cards (random sample)
 General condition of emergency floor path
lighting system
 Placement/legibility of all "Emergency Exit"
signs
 Placarding for location of all emergency
equipment
PASSENGER SEATS.
Ensure the following:

– Seats adjacent to emergency exits do not
block exit path
– Seats are secure in seat rack (random
sample)
– Seat breakover pressure is in accordance
with operator's maintenance program
(random sample)
– "Fasten Seat Belt During Flight" placards
are in view from all seats
– Seat belts (random sample)
GALLEYS/SERVICE CENTERS.

– Trash bin lids for fit and seal
– Storage compartment restraints
– Stationary cart tiedowns
– Lower lobe equipment/restraints
– Lift operation
– Galley supply stowage
Overhead baggage
compartments.
Check for weight restriction

placards and the doors for proper
latching, when applicable
INSPECT CARGO
COMPARTMENT
– Cargo compartment fire protection is
appropriate for its classification
– Cargo liner is free from tears and/or
punctures. If these are noted, inspect
structure behind liner for damage. Ensure
sealing tape is proper type and in good
condition.
– Cargo door is free of fluid leaks and
structural damage
– Fuselage door structure and sill are free
INSPECT CARGO
COMPARTMENT

– Smoke detectors are in satisfactory
condition
– Lighting is operable and protective grills
are installed
– Cargo flooring is free from structural or
other damage
– Pallet positions/compartments are
placarded for position identification and
weight limitations
INSPECT PALLET SYSTEM
Ensure the
following:
– mats are serviceable,
e.g., no broken or
missing balls
– Forward, aft, and side
restraints are
serviceable
– Roller assemblies are
secure and have no
missing or broken
rollers
CARGO COMPARTMENT -
GENERAL
 Ensure the 9 g forward restraint net is
serviceable, if applicable.
 Ensure that cargo restraints for bulk loaded
cargo are adequate, if applicable.
 Inspect cabin mounted equipment.
 Inspect fire extinguishers for inspection due
dates and pressure.
 Inspect load manifest for Hazardous
Material. If present, determine crew
knowledge of location and labeling of
hazardous materials and if proper paperwork
DEBRIEF CREW
Inform the flight crew or appropriate

personnel that the inspection has been
completed. Discuss the discrepancies
brought to the operator's attention
during the inspection.
Examine Maintenance Record Entries.
Ensure that the operator has recorded
all discrepancies noted during this
inspection. If time is available, monitor
the operator's corrective actions
ANALYZE FINDINGS.
Analyze each finding to determine if

the discrepancies are the result of
improper maintenance and/or missing
or inadequate maintenance/inspection
procedures
INSPECTION OUTCOMES
File report Form

Completion of this task can result in
the following:
– Appropriate enforcement action when
analysis of the findings disclose improper
maintenance.
– Written notification to the operator of the
necessary changes to the manual, when
analysis of the findings disclose missing
or inadequate maintenance/inspection
procedures.
FUTURE ACTIVITIES.
Based on inspection findings,

determine if closer surveillance,
additional enforcement, other job
tasks, and/or additional coordination
between Central Office and Regional
Offices are required to
regain compliance.

Ramp Inspection

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Ramp Inspection

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RAMP INSPECTIONS OF OPERATORS AIRCRAFT

This task is normally scheduled as part

All maintenance action must be

 Operators may use a system to monitor items

Passenger convenience item (not

This inspection should be performed,

 This inspection must be accomplished

Initiate Ramp Inspection in Accordance

Introduce yourself to the flight crew

Accompany a flight crewmember during

Inspect the following:

Inspect the following:

WINGS AND PYLONS.

Inspect the following:

Inspect the following:

Inspect the following:

Inspect the following:

Inspect the following:

Inspect the following:

Observe loading and unloading of

 Ensure that an airworthiness release,

Examine the airworthiness and

FLIGHT DECK INSPECTION.

Inspect the following:

Inspect the cabin to include the

– Pull the jump seat down to

All equipment requiring periodic

Inspect the following for security & general

Ensure the following:

Inspect the following:

Check for weight restriction

Ensure the following:

Inform the flight crew or appropriate

Analyze each finding to determine if

File report Form

Based on inspection findings,

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