ANALYSIS OF

PAKISTAN
INDUSTRY
HAMID HUSSAIN
1
PROCESS OF
INDUSTRIALIZ A
TION 1947 -7 7
HAMID HUSSAIN
• Session Outline
• Icebreaker
• Working Agreement

3
“1958-68: THE DECADE OF
DEVELOPMENT”
 What is
Wellbeing?
What is
Happiness?
 HAPPINESS AND WELLBEING
In positive psychology happiness and wellbeing often get used interchangeably. What this
research actually has looked at when it talks about ‘happiness’ is;

Satisfaction Positive and

SUBJECTIVE
WELLBEING = with your + Negative feelings
own life about your own
life
What's the impact of this?
• you might see books about “happiness”
• How the media portray this field
………………..what do you think about this?
 PERMA- WELLBEING MODEL

P R A
Positive Emotion
E
Engagement
Relationships
M
Meaning
Accomplishment

Seligman (2011) Flourish

This is A model of wellbeing, not everyone agrees with it but the suggestion is
that when all five of these are present in someone’s life they report greater
levels of wellbeing.
WHAT IS POSITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY?
HOW DOES POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
ACHIEVE THESE IDEAS?

By scientifically studying
the characteristics and And then developing creative,
and learning about if and
interactive exercises and tools
actions which lead how we can cultivate
so that people can develop
people to flourish and these
them…and testing these out.
thrive-
OVERVIEW OF COURSE
Week 1 What is Happiness and Positive Psychology?
Week 2 Strengths I
Week 3 Strengths II and Flow
Week 4 Positive Emotions and Savouring
Week 5 Self Compassion and Kindness
Week 6 Recap Session
Week 7 Optimism and Pessimism
Week 8 Positive Relationships
Week 9 Mindset
Week 10 Ending and Group Task
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GRATITUDE EXERCISE
W H AT I S
HAPPINESS AND
POSITIVE
P S Y C H O LO G Y ?
WEEK 1:

12
What is Happiness
and
Why does it Matter?

13
SO WHAT DOES HAPPINESS
RESEARCH TELL US?
• Positive Psychology is interested in finding out about what causes happiness as
this might help us to think about how to improve it.
• Researchers have measured something called ‘subjective wellbeing’ a term
which is used interchangeably with ‘happiness’.
• Some people wonder if the research doesn’t just tell us things which are
obvious, and sometimes it does for examples;
– Children are happier when their parents get on well
– Unemployment is a major source of unhappiness
Happiness and Wellbeing Quiz
 POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Before World War II psychology’s
objectives were;
1. To ‘cure mental illness’
2. To make people in general happier
3. To study ‘genius and high talent’
…but then these got lost and they
focussed just on the first one, focussing
on mental illness and not on mental
health.
Positive psychology looks at
questions such as;
• What leads to some people
experiencing positive growth in
the face of trauma?
• What makes some more resilient
and better able to deal with
repeated set-backs?
• Are these characteristics able to
be defined, measured and
cultivated?
THERE IS A HISTORY OF HAPPINESS
Philosophical and psychological pursuits of happiness began thousands of years
ago, it is the Western cultures commitment to happiness which is fairly modern.
– Chinese Schools of Philosophy; Confucianism, Taosim and Buddhism
– Ancient Greek Philosophy; Socrates, Epicurus, Aristotle, Plato
– Islamic Philosophy; Abu Hamid al-Ghazali
– William James (Psychologist and Philosopher- “the first positive psychologist”)
– Logotherapy;Viktor Frankl- “on meaning”
– Humanistic Psychology- 1950’s; Maslow
WHY STUDY HAPPINESS?
Research has shown that people want to be happy, it is valued across cultures
and countries. Because overall society is doing better, people have their basic
needs met, they live longer and have better health and their interest turns to
how to live ‘a good life’?

By trying to measure and carry out experiments we can learn more about what
it is that leads people to be happy, to be resilient and to flourish in their lives.

But this hasn’t been without criticism…

TWO TRADITIONS OF HAPPINESS

HEDONISM EUDAIMONIA
The pursuit of Living a life
pleasure and of
satisfying contemplation,
living
desire-
virtuously and
maximise in accordance
pleasure and with your
minimise authentic
pain. nature.
 AUTHENTIC HAPPINESS
THEORY
The pleasant The
Life meaningful
Pleasure, rapture,
warmth- good feelings
Life
Being part of something
bigger than yourself

The Engaged Life

Losing self consciousness
of what you are doing,
‘being at one with’
 ….BECAME THE WELLBEING
THEORY
The achieving
Life
-that people pursue
accomplishment and Positive
mastery for its own sake Relationships
-that we are social creatures
and often good experiences
come in the company of
others
 IN SUMMARY, WHEN;
Positive Emotions
Engagement
(Positive) Relationships
Flourishing
Meaning
Accomplishment

Are present….
OVERVIEW OF COURSE
Week 1 What is Happiness and Positive Psychology?
Week 2 Strengths I
Week 3 Strengths II and Flow
Week 4 Positive Emotions and Savouring
Week 5 Self Compassion and Kindness
Week 6 Recap Session
Week 7 Optimism and Pessimism
Week 8 Positive Relationships
Week 9 Mindset
Week 10 Ending and Group Task
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COURSE STRUCTURE
• We begin each session with a chance for feedback- questions from the week
before or sharing something you have tried.You won’t be forced to share
anything it’s just a space if people want to.

• End each session with a brief recap and something from the week which you
could practice if you want to.

• Handouts each session and worksheets for the exercises.

• Positive psychology exercises have shown the best outcomes when they are
repeated over a period of time- you might not like all of them but we
24
encourage you to try them out.
 Good
things in
Life
Exercise
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RECAP AND SUGGESTED PRACTICE
1. Some findings from Happiness Research
2. How Positive Psychology has developed
3. How we understand Wellbeing
4. Overview of the Course

Something you could try in the coming week;

• Good things in Life exercise

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EVALUATION

27
STRENGTHS I
WEEK 2

28
• Session Outline
• Icebreaker
• Review from last week
• Updates

29
EXPLORING CHARACTERISTICS AND
QUALITIES IN OTHERS

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STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
• What do we mean by;
– Strengths?
– Weaknesses?

• What are your thoughts

about these quotes?

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 WHAT ARE STRENGTHS?
There is no universal definition of character strengths:
“ways of behaving, thinking of feelings that an individual has a natural
capacity for, enjoys doing, and which allow the individual to achieve optimal
functioning, whilst they pursue valued outcomes.”
(Linley & Harrington, 2006)

‘‘characteristics that allow a person to perform well or at their personal

best”
(Wood et al, 2011)

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WHY STRENGTHS?

One of the first papers in ‘positive psychology’ identified the study of character
strengths as central to the development of this field.

“our message is to remind our field that psychology is not just the study of pathology,
weakness, and damage; it is also the study of strength and virtue.Treatment is not just
fixing what is broken; it is nurturing what is best. Psychology is not just a branch of
medicine concerned with illness or health; it is much larger. It is about work, education,
insight, love, growth, and play.”
Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi 2000

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VALUE OF STRENGTHS
Research on the value of strengths indicates that knowing and using your
strengths:

• Generates optimism and resilience

• Improves relationships
• Enhances health and overall wellbeing
• Helps to develop confidence and self-esteem
• Makes you less sensitive to stress
• Encourages insight and perspective in your life
• Creates a sense of happiness and fulfilment
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 NOTICING STRENGTHS IN EVERYDAY
ACTIONS

Using the Cue Cards, think about

what strengths are being shown in
these everyday activities and
actions?

Can you think of any other

examples?
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 RECAP AND SUGGESTED PRACTICE
1. Sharing and developing a list of words to describe strengths and qualities in
people.
2. Discussing Strengths and Weaknesses
3. Learning about the Strengths research and work in Positive Psychology
4. Noticing Strengths in everyday actions

Something you could try in the coming week;

Noticing the strengths you or people around you are using in everyday tasks

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STRENGTHS II
AND FLOW
WEEK 3

37
• Session Outline
• Icebreakers
• Review from last week
• Updates

38
SIGNATURE STRENGTHS
“traits a person owns, celebrates and frequently uses”

What might tell you that something is your ‘signature strength’:

• You notice it across many things you do
• When you use it you feel energized
• It comes naturally to you
• It feels like you
• Others would identify it in you

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IDENTIFYING STRENGTHS
Now you’re going to get a chance to identify
your signature strengths.

Read through the list of strengths, and

identify up to 5 strengths which you think
most represent you.

Remember, you’re the expert on you- don’t

worry about thoughts you might have of
whether others agree or not.

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WHAT DO YOU DO WITH YOUR
STRENGTHS?

Identify your signature strengths

Keep working on the Cultivate/Grow new

strengths you have strengths, or ones
(not letting them erode you haven’t paid as
as we grow and change) much attention to

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USING STRENGTHS
WE AR E G OI NG TO T H I NK TOG E T H ER ABOUT HOW W E C AN
C ULTIVATE AN D G ROW O UR S T R E N GT HS B Y;

– using them in a different

way or
– practicing them with more
awareness.

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“THE RIGHT DOSE”
It is worth bearing in mind that, as with everything, the ‘right dose’ needs to
be found. At too low a level or too high a level everything has a cost, even
positive character strengths.
For example, thinking of the strength of
optimism
Person A- low optimism; may lead to not
making plans due to the perception that things
will go wrong
Person B- ‘optimal range’ of optimism- feel
confident, make plans and have a realistically
positive outlook.
Person C- high optimism; may lead to
inadequate preparation and underestimating
risks. 43
 FLOW
Generally, we can’t enjoy doing the same thing at the same level for too long- we
grow bored and frustrated.
Similarly, if we try doing something which we don’t have the skills for yet and find
too challenging this can provoke anxiety.

Flow can be described as being in a state

where you are completely absorbed by what
you are doing (‘being in the zone’)
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 RECOGNISING FLOW
Read the following list and think of any activities/tasks you complete where you
might have this experience;
– You experience a balance between your level of skill and the challenge that
you are taking on.You experience a state of intense and focussed
concentration in what you are doing.
– You lose self-consciousness, you are not aware of or concerned with others
around you.
– You are getting immediate feedback from what you are doing and how it is
going.
– You experience a sense of reward.
– You lose sense of time passing.
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RECAP AND SUGGESTED PRACTICE

1. Identifying your Signature Strengths

2. Exploring ways to use Strengths
3. Identifying Flow Activities

Something you could try in the coming week;

Try using one of your ‘signature strengths’ intentionally or in a new way.

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POSITIVE
EMOTIONS AND
SAVOURING
WEEK 4

47
• Session Outline
• Icebreaker
• Review from last week
• Updates

48
POSITIVE INTRODUCTIONS

• Working in pairs, tell the person next to you about a positive experience that
you have had. When you tell them about the experience, try and describe how
you felt and what you valued about the moment and what that was like for
you. As you speak your partner will listen carefully for the types of words you
use to explain the experience.

• Switch over when you have finished

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POSITIVE EMOTIONS- FIRST
THOUGHTS
• 1) Individually spend a few minutes writing down initial thoughts you have
when you hear the words ‘positive emotions’- specifically, think about any
Hopes and Fears you may have for this session. Stick them up on the flipchart
and we will review and discuss as a group later.

• 2) Now, as a small group write some brief notes on what your initial thoughts
are about ‘Positive Emotions’.

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 WHY DO POSITIVE EMOTIONS
MATTER?
1. They lead to see more opportunities and experience greater
flexibility in our thinking.
2. They build psychological, social, physical and intellectual resources.
3. They undo physical effects of negative emotions.
4. They can help us to bounce back from difficult experiences (resilience).
5. They can trigger an ‘upward spiral’

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JOY PRIDE
GRATITUDE AMUSEMENT
SERENITY INSPIRATION
INTEREST HOPE AWE
LOVE
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POSITIVE IMPACT OF NEGATIVE
EMOTIONS
The study of positive emotions isn’t to say that we should not have
negative experiences of emotion as well, but that having more positive
emotions than negative emotions allows us to experience some of the
benefits.

Is it reasonable to separate out

emotions as positive or negative?

What are some of the benefits

of negative emotions?

53
HOW DO WE EXPERIENCE POSITIVE
EMOTIONS? • Relaxation Therapies • Finding Positive
– Muscle Exercises Meaning
– Imagery Exercises -Reframing events in a
positive light
– Meditation Exercises
-Finding positive value
• Increasing pleasant
in ordinary events
activities
-Attaining Goals
– Invoking positive emotions
– Savouring positive
emotions

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BRAINWRITING: POSITIVE EMOTIONS
• Write as many ideas as possible for how you might invoke positive emotions-
these ideas can be anything at all, they might be things you do, watch, listen to,
eat, places you go….they don’t have to be things you have done- just ideas!

– Write each idea down on a separate post it note

– We’ll give you about 10 minutes to think of as many ideas as you can and
then put them on the wall.

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 SAVOURING:Focusing on specific Showing the
feeling positive
Congratulating emotion
yourself
“the capacity to attend to,
appreciate and enhance the Being completely
positive experiences in ones absorbed
Counting life”
your Bryan and Veroff, 2007

blessings
Sharing with others
Taking mental pictures
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 DAMPENING
Things which we do, sometimes without being fully aware, that can dampen or
shorten the experience of a positive emotion.
1. Negative Mental Time travel- 4.Fault Finding
thinking negatively about a Noticing what could have been
positive event that has better rather than what has
happened or predicting gone well.
something positive in future
3.Distraction-
will go badly.
2. Hiding/ Not showing Either thinking (e.g. worrying) or
or pushing away positive doing something which means
emotions (can be due to you are not fully focussed on
embarrassment, shyness or the positive event happening
other reasons) right now.
57
 RECAP AND SUGGESTED PRACTICE
• Positive Introductions
• Initial thoughts on positive emotions
• The benefits of positive emotions
• The positive impact of negative emotions
• How to bring about positive emotions
• Savouring and Dampening

58
SOMETHING WHICH YOU COULD TRY IN
THE FOLLOWING WEEK:
• Build a positivity portfolio: a personalised set of things which create a connection to a
positive emotion for you. It could be photos, letters, songs, objects- anything at all; it might
take the form of a box of things, it might be a scrapbook or on your phone.

• Practice Savouring something- it might be something you eat, your morning coffee, going
for a walk or just allowing yourself to be completely absorbed in a film you enjoy.

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SELF-
COMPASSION &
KINDNESS
WEEK 5

60
• Session Outline
• Energizer
• Review from last week
• Updates

61
COMPASSION AND KINDNESS
In small groups:

• What is Compassion?
– Can you give some examples of compassion?
• What is Kindness?
– Can you give some examples of kindness?

62
WHY SELF-COMPASSION?
• Can help us to see ourselves in a more connected way, as a whole (e.g. by
feeling less anxious about perceived weaknesses).

• It is strongly linked to self-esteem, however where self-esteem is based on

positive evaluations of yourself, self- compassion is based on feelings of care
and non-judgemental understanding.

• Linked to having a healthy mind and greater life satisfaction.

• Increases positive feelings

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HOW YOU TREAT A FRIEND?
Think about a time where you have done/are doing
something and your inner self-critic has come out

Choose something you would be okay to share with the

person next to you.

This exercise is helpful in thinking about how we speak

to and treat ourselves (sometimes it can be much more
negative than how we would ever treat anybody else!)

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SELF-COMPASSION BREAK (ADAPTED FROM NEFF)

Think about a time when you have been stressed or upset, and
where you would notice these feelings and sensations in your body?
And what happens in your mind?

This exercise helps you to come up with three statements

which can prompt you to remember to be compassionate
to yourself- it is important you come up with statements that suit
your language as this will help you remember and use them.

65
1. A statement which acknowledges this is a difficult moment (Being
Mindful)
e.g. This is hard, This is tough, I’m struggling

2. A statement which reminds you that you are not alone (Suffering is
common humanity)
e.g. I’m not alone, Everybody struggles, It’s not just me.

3. A statement which reminds you to be kind to yourself

e.g. May I be strong, May I be safe, Be Kind to myself

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RANDOM ACTS OF KINDNESS
Studies have shown that carrying out acts of kindness or ‘prosocial acts’ can lead
to an improvement in wellbeing and a ‘happiness boost’.

Tips for Random Acts of Kindness

• Try and carry out a few acts of kindness in one day (rather than spreading
them across a week)- it’s not easy but worth a try!
• Acts of kindness can be whatever you choose, wherever you choose-
something which you plan and do on purpose, or something you do because
the opportunity arises.
• Try and keep your acts of kindness varied.

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RECAP AND SUGGESTED PRACTICE
• What is Compassion and Kindness?
• What gets in the way of self-compassion?
• Self Compassion
– How to Treat a friend
– Self-Compassion Break
• Random Acts of Kindness

Something you could try in the following week;

• Random Acts of Kindness
• Self compassion break
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WE’RE TAKING A BREAK…
Next week we will be having a break however you don’t have to. Either on your
own, or if you would like to arrange it as a group, you could choose an activity to
carry out at the usual time you would be here;
An activity to increase positive emotion e.g.
• Going for a walk (it could be a walk out of the city centre where you can
savour the environment).
• Meeting for a coffee/chat
• Doing a sport/something active
….any other ideas?

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RECAP SESSION
WEEK 6

70
• Session Outline
• Energizer
• Updates from “Break Week”

71
THE COURSE SO FAR…

• Review of Topics Covered

• Anything to revisit?

• Group Discussion:
– What have people tried?
– What has been helpful?
– Has anything got in the way, and how did you overcome this?

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TIPS FOR POSITIVE ACTIVITIES
How often and when: Some activities will be more effective if done just once a week
(e.g. good things in life) and others if concentrated in one day (e.g. random acts of
kindness).

Variety: The more varied the better. We are all unique individuals, and therefore the
range of activities and interests we have will be different for everyone.

Social Support: If its possible share positive experiences with others, either by doing
them with others or telling others about them.

You and your activity: Choose something you are motivated to do, that you want to
put effort into. 73
GROUP CREATIVE TASK
• Aim:To create a visual piece as a group which collates positive
stories and information in one place (it will be put together in Week
10)

• The details of the piece are entirely up to you as a group!

– It can take any form the group wants- a poster, a canvas, a flyer, magazine.
– What kind of information/stories come to mind?
– Where will people look?

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EVALUATION

75
OPTIMISM AND
PESSIMISM
WEEK 7

76
• Session Outline
• Energizer
• Review from last week
• Updates

77
OPTIMISM
Optimists have a tendency to think and
feel positively about the future.

Researchers talk about optimism and

pessimism in terms of ‘explanatory
styles’ i.e. the way in which we perceive
and make sense of information.
EXPLANATORY STYLE
Optimistic Explanatory Style
• Negative or bad events are one-offs
which are not the norm or expected
thing.
• The person trusts that they can cope
with the situation.
• The person is able to see negative
events in context.
Pessimistic Explanatory Style
• Negative events impact on everything
else.
• Negative events are the result of the
person, might lead to self- blame.
• The person thinks that good things
won’t last, if they happen they are a
one-off as negative events are the
norm.
HELPFUL VS UNHELPFUL:
OPTIMISM AND PESSIMISM
OPTIMISM PESSIMISM

HELPFUL

UNHELPFUL

80
ADAPTIVE OPTIMISM/PESSIMISM
• Too much either way can derail us

• Perhaps the position that would be most functional is:

1. To be able to recognise when we are in one or the other
2. Evaluate if that is helpful and
3. Make changes if we think it is necessary.
ONE DOOR OPENS ANOTHER DOOR
CLOSES
• Optimism is associated to lots of positive wellbeing outcomes, so it
can be helpful to practice taking an ‘optimistic perspective’- that’s not
just thinking optimistically but learning to focus on the positive
aspect of a situation i.e. something that is actually there.

• The next exercise is designed to help you think about and reflect on
times in your life when important doors have closed, and what other
doors have opened as a result.
WHAT IS GRATITUDE?

• In small groups;
– What does gratitude mean to you?
– What are the different ways that you can experience gratitude?
– What does it feel like?

83
GRATITUDE EXERCISE
Individually, write down up
to 5 things which you are
grateful for.
• Try and be specific e.g. instead
of I am grateful for my friends,
you might want to think of a
specific example of something
a friend has done.

84
RECAP AND SUGGESTED PRACTICE
• What is Optimism and Pessimism
• Optimistic and Pessimistic Explanatory Styles
• Helpful/Unhelpful aspects of Optimism and Pessimism
• One door opens, another Closes
• Gratitude and Gratitude Exercise

Something you could practice in the next week is;

• Writing another gratitude list one day next week.
• Noticing if a pessimistic explanatory style is around and getting in your way, and trying
to look at things from a more optimistic perspective.
85
POSITIVE
REL ATIONSHIPS
WEEK 8

86
• Session Outline
• Energizer
• Review from last week
• Updates

87
LETS REMIND OURSELVES ABOUT
PERMA…
Positive Emotions
Engagement
What is the role of relationships in
(Positive)
our overall wellbeing?
Relationships
Meaning
Accomplishment

88
EXPLORING POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS

• Exercise in Pairs: Sharing an experience of a positive relationship

• Group Feedback
– What are the features of a positive relationship?

89
SHARING POSITIVE NEWS
• When negative events happen, social support and reassurance helps people to cope
with the associated stress and negative emotion.

• We are going to focus specifically on how to respond to good news.

• Sharing positive events, also called “Capitalisation” (a type of savouring) has been
shown to enhance the experience of positive feelings.

• Building on this idea researchers have found that when we perceive our close others
to respond to positive news in a certain way, it can enhance our relationship.

90
Research which explored how our responses to the good news of another person in a
relationship impacted on our relationships showed that there are four types of
response styles that people tend to use, but only one that enhance relationships.

ACTIVE & PASSIVE &

CONSTRUCTIVE CONSTRUCTIVE
ACTIVE & PASSIVE &
DESTRUCTIVE DESTRUCTIVE

Adapted from Perceived Responses to Capitalization

Attempts Scale (Gable et al, 2004) 91
ACTIVE & CONSTRUCTIVE PASSIVE & CONSTRUCTIVE
Enthusiastic, excited asks questions and re- Brief and fleeting positive acknowledgement of
lives the experience with you. Keeps good news. Understated support. Not much
conversation going. dialogue

Non-verbals: eye contact, smiling, positive Non –verbal: May smile in acknowledgment but
emotions not much emotional expression,

ACTIVE & DESTRUCTIVE PASSIVE & DESTRUCTIVE

Raises alarm bells, devil’s advocate, points out Changes the topic of conversation, avoidance,
what might go wrong. disinterested

Non-verbals: negative emotion, frowning, Non-verbal: no eye contact, leaves room, turns
looks worried away

Adapted from Perceived Responses to Capitalization

Attempts Scale (Gable et al, 2004) 92
 “I bumped into my friend Sally today, it was so good to
see her we spent the afternoon together.”

ACTIVE & CONSTRUCTIVE PASSIVE & CONSTRUCTIVE

“What a lovely surprise! That sounds lik a “That’s nice. Sounds like you had a nice day.”
great afternoon! It must have been ages
since you last saw her. What did you do?
Tell me about how she is doing!”

ACTIVE & DESTRUCTIVE PASSIVE & DESTRUCTIVE

“That sounds random. Didn’t you have to “I’m really tired. Did you watch that new
go to the post office this afternoon, or programme on TV last night?”
other more important things to be doing?”

93
 What does giving/receiving these responses feel like?

ACTIVE & CONSTRUCTIVE PASSIVE & CONSTRUCTIVE

ACTIVE & DESTRUCTIVE PASSIVE & DESTRUCTIVE

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A BALANCED VIEW
Active Constructive responding is specifically about how we respond to positive
information which we are receiving.

• What might get in the way of giving Active-Constructive responses?

95
PRACTICE
• Some people may find that Active-Constructive responses come easily, for others it might take
a bit of getting used to. The truth is- we all respond in the other ways too at times! Practicing
active-constructive responses is one way we can be prepared next time we receive good news.

• Working as a small group- come up with some recent examples, perhaps two between the
group and try to develop an Active- Constructive response.

What was the good news the person Active-Constructive Response

said to you.

96
RECAP AND SUGGESTED PRACTICE
• The role of positive relationships in our wellbeing
• Features of a positive relationship
• Responding to positive news; active-constructive responses
• When things get in our way, don’t make active-constructive responding
possible.

Something you could try in the coming week:

• Responding in an active-constructive way to some positive news
someone shares with you.

97
MINDSET
WEEK 9

98
• Session Outline
• Energizer
• Review from last week
• Updates

99
EXERCISE: A SKILL YOU’VE LEARNT

100
WHAT IS MINDSET?

“Mindsets are just beliefs.They’re powerful

beliefs, but they’re just something in your
mind, and you can change your mind.”
Pg.16 Dweck
TWO MINDSETS
FIXED MINDSET
That your skills and abilities or
characteristics are fixed.
“I’ll never change”
“I can’t do maths”
“I’m rubbish at sports”
GROWTH MINDSET
That your skills and abilities or
characteristics are not fixed, you
can influence them and develop
them.
“If I practice a lot then I might be
able to improve my maths”
“If I run a little everyday then
maybe I will be able to complete a
5k” 102
WHERE THEY COME FROM

They are communicated to us:

• Through praise
• This may be in childhood, from teachers, parents, sports trainers,
influencers.

…over time we may start to believe them and go on to repeat them

so eventually they become firmer beliefs.
HOLD IN MIND
• This work isn’t saying that effort and belief is ALL you need, but it
can help.
• We are not likely to be in one or the other mindset all of
the time, which is good because it means we can probably all
identify an area in our lives where we fall into a fixed mindset, and
where we fall into a growth mindset. Do any come to mind for
you?
WHY DOES IT MATTER?

• Sometimes our beliefs can get in our way- stopping ourselves from
achieving our goals and fulfilling our true potential.

• We are going to look at:

1. How the different mindsets might have an impact on how we
approach learning, managing criticism and challenges
2. How we can influence our mindsets to use to our own
advantage.
HOW MINDSETS IMPACT ON
LEARNING
Growth Mindset Fixed Mindset

Improving and developing. Learning more. How well you do/perform- showing what you
When learning know.
the focus is on
Mistakes are seen as necessary and helpful Dread mistakes as they feel very exposing so
Mistakes and for learning, and feedback is seen as a tool more likely to give up in the face of challenges
feedback to improve not something personal. to avoid them. Failure is taken very personally.

Put lots of effort in as believe that skills can May not put in as much effort as believe that
Effort a person be improved and developed. skills are fixed.

puts in

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HELPFUL VS UNHELPFUL:
GROWTH & FIXED MINDSET
Growth Mindset Fixed Mindset

Helpful

Unhelpful

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DEVELOPING A GROWTH MINDSET

1. Biologically it’s possible! Brain plasticity

2. Change our actions- things we can try

But remember; Not everything that can be changed,

should be changed…what will help you to achieve
your goals?
 BIOLOGICAL: BRAIN PLASTICITY
• Neuroscientists used to think that past a
certain point of childhood our brains were
fully developed and would no longer change.
However the evidence shows that this is not
the case, our brain has plasticity (the
ability of our brain to change and
remodel itself)
BRAIN PLASTICITY
Our brain is like a muscle, there are millions of pathways and
connections which undergo a process of strengthening and ‘pruning’
(Use it or Lose it)

Our brain is capable of neurogenesis- the formation of new neurons.

This is particularly evident in two areas of the brain, one of which is the
hippocampus (has a big role in formation of long term memory)
FROM FIXED MINDSET TO GROWTH
MINDSET
1. Learn to hear your fixed mindset
– What might you hear?
2. Recognise you have a choice
3. Talk back in a growth-mindset voice
4. Take growth-mindset actions (e.g. use positive affirmations and
positive actions).
5. Make a plan and imagine it being carried out
EXERCISE: FROM FIXED MINDSET TO
GROWTH MINDSET?

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RECAP AND SUGGESTED PRACTICE
• Introducing Growth Mindset and Fixed Mindset
• Understanding where our mindsets come from and how they can be changed
• Identifying some areas in our lives where we have a fixed or growth mindset
• How to develop a growth mindset.

Something you could try in the coming week:

• Practicing becoming aware of when you are using a growth mindset
or fixed mindset in different everyday aspects of your life.

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NO SESSION 10 SLIDES

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