Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan

Linear
Definisi
Suatu matriks adalah dalam bentuk echelon baris (row
achelon form) jika ianya memenuhi ciri-ciri berikut:
i. Mana-mana baris yang keseluruhan unsurnya adalah
sifar terletak di bahagian.
ii. Dalam setiap baris bukan sifar, unsur bukan sifar
pertama (unsur utama) terletak satu lajur ke kiri
unsur utama (leading entry) baris di bawahnya.
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Contoh 1
Matriks dalam bentuk achelon baris
2 4 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1
0 −1 2 0 1 5 0 0 1 3
0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Definition
The following elementary row operations can be
perform on a matrix:
i. Interchange two rows.
ii. Multiply a row by a nonzero constant.
iii. Add a multiple of row to another row.
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Definition
Matrices A and B are row equivalent if there is a
sequence of elementary row operations that convert A
to B.

Theorem
Matrices A and B are row equivalent if and if they can
be reduced to the same row echelon form.
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Example 2
Reduce the following matrix to echelon form.
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Gaussian Elimination (Penghapusan Gauss)
i. Write the augmented matrix of the system of linear
equations.
ii. Use elementary row operations to reduce the
augmented matrix to row echelon form.
iii. Using back substitution, solve the equivalent system
that corresponds to the row-reduced matrix.
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Example 3
Solve the system
2x2 + 3x3 = 8
2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 5
x1 – x2 – 2x3 = -5

Answer
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Example 4
Solve the system below by Gauss-Jordan elimination
w – x – y + 2z = 1
2w – 2x – y + 3z = 3
-w+x–y=-3
Answer
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Gauss-Jordan Elimination
Definition
A matrix is in reduced row echelon form if it satisfies
the following properties:
i. It is row echelon form.
ii. The leading entry in each nonzero row is 1 (called a
leading 1)
iii. Each column containing a leading 1 has zeros
everywhere else.
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Matrix in reduced row echelon form
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Gauss-Jordan Elimination
1. Write the augmented matrix of the system of linear
equations.
2. Use elementary row operations to reduce the
augmented matrix to reduced row echelon form
3. If the resulting system is consistent, solve for the
leading variables in terms of any remaining free
variables.
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Example 5
Solve the system in example 4 by Gauss-Jordan
elimination
Solution
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Tutorial 2

Exercise 2.2
Q: 11,13, 25, 26, 27, 28 & 29.
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan
Linear
Theorem
If 𝐴 is an invertible matrix, then the system of linear
equations 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑏 has a unique solution given by
𝒙 = 𝑨−𝟏 𝒃.
Solving a System of Equations
Using an Inverse Matrix
Contoh 1
Selesaikan sistem berikut
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = −1
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑧 = −2
Penyelesaian
Dlm bentuk persamaan matriks
2 3 1 𝑥 −1
3 3 1 𝑦 = 1
2 4 1 𝑧 −2
Solving a System of Equations
Using an Inverse Matrix
… Penyelesaian
Dlm bentuk persamaan matriks
2 3 1 −1 −1 1 0
3 3 1 = −1 0 1
2 4 1 6 −2 −3

𝑥 −1 1 0 −1 2
𝑦 = −1 0 1 1 = −1
𝑧 6 −2 −3 −2 −2
Solving a System of Equations
Using an Inverse Matrix
Contoh 2
Selesaikan sistem berikut
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 8
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5
Selesaikan.