ENERGY CONSERVATION THROUGH SMART

BUILDINGS AND SMART LIGHTING SYSTEM

BY
MUHAMMAD IRFAN QURESHI
M.E ( ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING)

SUPERVISOR: DR : ALI ASGHAR MEMON.

CO-SUPERVISOR: ENGR : ANWAR AHMED MEMON.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

JAMSHORO.
 OUTLINES

 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 FUTURE RECOMMENDATION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
 Energy saving is regarded as one of the most significant issue affects the power
system quality, global environment and consumers[1].
 The demand of high energy by lighting, air conditioning and home appliances,
electronic equipment make homes and buildings to be found as one of the critical
area for the effects of energy consumption [3].
 Smart building technology is a best choice for people not only care about energy
saving, comfort but security as well. A smart building energy management
technique based on a set of sensors minimize the energy waste in commercial
buildings and institutions that can be adapted according to the user habits [5].
Currently the strategies of energy-efficient building solutions that will be widely
deployable throughout the departmental institutes and building sector is needed.
 Smart building is a technology that can connect everything to networks to
monitor and control them in various areas such as offices, energy-consuming
devices especially in laboratories, security devices etc.
 Consumers can check and control the status in their respective areas through the
smart-building service. The service develops an environment where digital
information terminals can check and control the in-building devices through the
identical interfaces. This can contribute to cost saving and better quality of life

LITERATURE REVIEW
 Ashfaq Ahmed Baloch et.al 2017, “Simulation tools
application for artificial lighting in buildings”, studied
different simulation tools for energy saving and building
lighting systems. Various tools are used to conserve the
energy according to respective models of smart
buildings like Matlab, Energy Plus, Matlab-GUI
(Graphical User Interface), Laboratory Virtual
Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW), Design of
Experiments (DOE), Daylight (DaySIM), Production
System (CLIPS), Building Optimisation (BuildOpt). [1]
 Abhishek Bhati et.al 2017, “Energy conservation
through smart homes in a smart city: A lesson for
Singapore households”, implemented the smart building
technology on the Singapore city, they covered that
consumer’s behavioural pattern about the energy
saving, the gap on the technology designing and the
maturity as it does not take perceptions and behaviours
of people as part of functionality. The efficiency of
smart home technologies is dependent on the artificial
intelligence prototypes that allow the smart home
system to interact smoothly with consumers. [2]
 Bin zhou et.al 2016, “Smart Home Energy Management
System : concept , configuration and scheduling
strategies”, reviewed briefly on the functional modules
and architecture of smart home energy management
systems HEMS. The advanced HEMS infrastructure and
home appliances in smart houses are thoroughly
analysed [3].
 Vahid Hosseinnezhad et.al 2016, “IoT based smart
cities: A Survey”, gave idea about smart technology
based cities that have been furnished with various
electronic devices based on Internet of Things (IoT), for
making smarter than previous. The concepts of smart
cities on their applications and motivations are being
explored. Moreover, the IoT based technologies for
smart cities and their features regarding components
have been discussed. Furthermore, the main challenges
and practical experiences over the world are explained
[4].
 A.S. Biradar et.al 2016, “Smart Home Automation
System”, covered Home automation refers to the
information technology and use of computer to control
the home appliances involving the lighting and windows
features. It is concluded from the existing research in
the field of smart home and lighting systems that home
automation can make a difference regarding better
energy management and usage of renewable energy
sources. The implementation and design of system done
by using three methods, motion sensor technology, RF
remote control and Wi-Fi Router hand held to control of
the selective home devices [5]
 PROBLEM STATEMENTS
 Energy saving is the core issue now a days. Energy could be saved in different
ways.
 One of the emerging methods is to save the energy through the application of
smart building automation system
 Currently in our society there is no such system exists through which we could
conserve energy.
 Consumers’ behaviour is not positive towards the usage of smart system.
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

 To conserve energy using smart technology .

 Recommendation to implement the smart system to the building.
 To facilitate the consumer and making the system user friendly.
 Explore the wastage of energy using ordinary method in building
automation.
 To develop a lighting scheme for power saving.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Implementing PLC based controlling (using PLC and HMI software’s

simulation).
 Comparison of existing energy consumption with PLC based
controlling system in the building.
 Energy strategy for whole building.
 Prepare a lighting scheme.
Studying Existing Smart Technologies
for smart Buildings
 Smart buildings use information and communication technologies
(ICT) to enable automated building operations and control.
 Building Automation is the a building's heating, ventilation and
air conditioning, lighting and other systems through a building
management system or building automation system (BAS). The
objectives of building automatic centralized control of a
automation are improved occupant comfort, efficient operation of
building systems, reduction in energy consumption
 ZigBee is a wireless networking standard that is aimed at remote
control and sensor applications which is suitable for operation in
harsh radio environments and in isolated locations.
 Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, home
appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software,
sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables these things to
connect, collect and exchange data.
Implementing PLC based
controlling (using PLC and
HMI software’s simulation)
 PLC BASED SMART BUILDING AUTOMATION FOR ENERGY
CONSERVATION AND LIGHT CONTROLLING

DC TO AC
CONVERT Fan
ER
Temperature
Sensor

PLC

DC TO AC Light 1
Light 2
Occupancy CONVERTE
Light 3
sensor R Light 4

BLOCK DIAGRAM
At Normal Mode : The temperature is 35.4 c , fan’s power is maximum
i-e 100 watt means energy is being wasted
At Proportional Mode : If the temperature reaches at 47.4 c , fan’s
power is controlled i-e 94.8 watt means energy is being saved
At Morning /Day time
At Normal Mode : The 1000 lumens of photocell showing 96 watt
(total light power) i-e all four lights are ON which is wastage of
energy. ( Lumens is the measure of total amount of visible lights )
At Proportional Mode : the 557 lumens of photocell showing 48 watt
of light power which is controlled and two lights are ON i-e energy
is being saved
At the evening or night time
At Proportional Mode : furthermore at 407 lumens of photocell
showing 72 watt of light power which is controlled and three lights
are ON, energy is being saved.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
(PLC)
 It is also called programmable controller
is a small, modular solid state computer
with customized instructions for
performing a particular tasks
 An industrial computer control system
that continuously monitors the state of
input devices and makes decisions based
upon a custom program to control the
state of output devices
HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI)
 It is a user interface or dashboard that
connects a person to a machine,
system, or device. While the term can
technically be applied to any screen
that allows a user to interact with a
device, HMI is most commonly used in
the context of an any process.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Resistance thermometers, also called resistance
temperature detectors (RTDs), are sensors used
to measure temperature. The RTD wire is a pure
material, typically platinum, nickel, or copper.
The material has an accurate
resistance/temperature relationship which is
used to provide an indication of temperature.
PT100
The most common type (PT100) has a resistance
of 100 ohms at 0 °C and 138.4 ohms at 100 °C.
There are also PT1000 sensors that have a
resistance of 1000 ohms at 0 °C.
The relationship between temperature and
resistance is approximately linear over a small
temperature range: for example, if you assume
that it is linear over the 0 to 100 °C range, the
error at 50 °C is 0.4 °C.
 OCCUPANCY SENSOR
 An occupancy sensor is an indoor
motion detecting devices used to
detect the presence of a person to
automatically control lights or
temperature or ventilation systems
 PIR sensor works on heat difference
detection, measuring infrared
radiation. Inside the device is a
pyroelectric sensor which can detect
the sudden presence of objects (such as
humans) who radiate a temperature
different from the temperature of the
background, such as the room
temperature of a wall.
 Proportional Power Control
In this method
 PLC detects temperature change and control the speed of a fan
without any human intervention
 As the temp increases the speed of the fan increases and vice
versa
 As we know that speed depends upon to the voltage applied to
the fan
 The power of the fan is given by a formula
 P=VICOSǾ…. Inductive load
 THE LOAD OF FAN depends upon current which is constant
 Occupancy sensor like gives signal to the PLC to increase or
decrease the No: of lamps ( on/off ) depending upon the
requirement of light
Proportional Power Control Mode

Propotional Power TIME

120
POWER
100
100 100 100
POWER (WATT)

90 90
80
80 80
70 70
60
60

40

20
16 17 18
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
TIME (HRS)

As the temp increases the speed of the fan

increases which cause increase in power of fan and
vice versa
Averagae Propotional Power
Calculation
P (avg) = 60+70+80+100+100+100+90+80+70 / 10
P (avg) = 840 / 10
P (avg) = 84 WATT or 0.8 Kw

Energy Calculation
E=P*T
E=84*10 = 840 Whr
E=0.84 KWhr
Constant Speed Control Mode
 The rotation of the fan blades attached to the
hub, make Cool air descends from the ceiling and
circulates in the room because of the fan. This
makes a fan very useful especially in hot weather.
 Normally we use fan in constant speed without
depending upon the temperature change

120
Constant Power
100
POWER (WATT)

80
60
40
20
0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
TIME (HRS)

TIME POWER
Average Constant Power
P avg = 100+100+100+……….+100 / 10
P avg = 1000/10 = 100 WATT

Energy Calculation
E=P*T
E=100*10
E=1000 WHr or 1 KWhr
 Results
Propotional power
120 Propotional Power TIME
PO…
P (avg) = 840 WATT or 0.8 Kw

POWER (WATT)
100
100 100 100
80 90 90
80 80
E=0.84 KWhr 60 70 70
60
40
20
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
TIME (HRS)
Constant power
P (avg) = 1000/10 = 100 WATT
Constant Power
E=1000 WHr or 1 KWhr 150
POWER (WATT)

100
Summary
50
 As we have found from the
above results that the 16% 0
of energy can be saved by 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
proportional power TIME (HRS)
control method
TIME POWER
Strategy of building
Heat Pump
PV Panel

Day Lighting Energy Recovery

Ventilation

LED
Lighting Control

Superior Air Sealing

& Insulation

Efficient kitchen
Equipment
Energy Management
Heat Pumps System
Water Boiler Variable Speed Pumps
Conclusion
 PLC Automatic system removes the human
intervention which makes the process smart.
 From the results the energy consumption by
inductive loads (Fan) has reduced by 16%
 Energy reduction will gives benefits to the
consumers in terms of reducing the cost of
electricity bills.
Future Recommendation
 Such systems can also be used for
other types of loads such as variable
speed pumps, window shades blinds
etc
 For further enhancement in smart
building energy management system a
web server feature will be better
option for remote controlling home
automation
 Nowadays , android application can be
incorporated for making the system
user friendly.
Future Recommendation ( Cont. )

HMI

Flat 1
Web server PLC 1
( Floor 1 )
Flat 2
Main PLC
Flat 1
PLC 2
( Floor 2 )
Flat 2
Smart Lighting Scheme
 Lighting alone uses 40 % of the electricity in
commercial buildings, more than any other building
system.
 Lighting scheme is important because it can
eliminate 60 percent or more of the wasted lighting
energy in buildings while enhancing occupant
comfort and productivity.
 Cost reductions are only one reason that wider use of
lighting controls makes sense.
 Lighting includes the use of both artificial light
sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as
natural illumination by capturing daylight.
 Day lighting (using windows, skylights, or light
shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of
light during daytime in buildings
Smart Lighting Scheme
* Cost Reduction
Smart Lighting Scheme
* Natural Illumination
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