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Mechanics of Materials: Columns
Mechanics of Materials: Columns
CHAPTER MECHANICS OF
10 MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Columns
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Columns
Stability of Structures
Euler’s Formula for Pin-Ended Beams
Extension of Euler’s Formula
Sample Problem 10.1
Eccentric Loading; The Secant Formula
Sample Problem 10.2
Design of Columns Under Centric Load
Sample Problem 10.4
Design of Columns Under an Eccentric Load
Stability of Structures
• In the design of columns, cross-sectional area is
selected such that
- allowable stress is not exceeded
P
all
A
- deformation falls within specifications
PL
spec
AE
Stability of Structures
Stability of Structures
• Assume that a load P is applied. After a
perturbation, the system settles to a new
equilibrium configuration at a finite
deflection angle.
L
P sin K 2
2
PL P
4 K Pcr sin
d2y P
2
y0
dx EI
cr
2 E Ar 2
L2 A
2E
critical stress
L r 2
L
slenderness ratio
r
2E
cr
Le r 2
Le 2 L equivalent length
cr
2E
2 10.1 106 psi
Le r 2
138.6 b 2
L = 20 in.
12500 lbs 2 10.1 106 psi
0.35b b 138.6 b 2
E = 10.1 x 106 psi
P = 5 kips b 1.620 in.
a 0.35b 0.567 in.
FS = 2.5
a/b = 0.35
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
• Maximum stress
P ymax e c
max 1
A r2
P ec 1 P Le
1 sec
A r 2 2 EA r
P ec 1 P Le
max Y 1 2 sec
A r 2 EA r
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
- Critical load,
Pcr
2 EI
2 29 106 psi 8.0 in 4
2
Le 192 in 2
62.1 kips
- Allowable load,
P 62.1 kips Pall 31.1 kips
Pall cr
FS 2
P 31.1 kips
all 8.79 ksi
A 3.54 in 2
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
m 22.0 ksi
• At Le/r = Cc
2 2 E
cr 1
2 Y
Cc2
Y
• Alloy 2014-T6
Le/r < 55:
all 30.7 0.23 Le / r ksi
212 1.585 Le / r MPa
Le/r > 66:
54000 ksi 372 103 MPa
all
Le / r 2
Le / r 2
SOLUTION:
• With the diameter unknown, the
slenderness ration can not be evaluated.
Must make an assumption on which
slenderness ratio regime to utilize.
• Interaction method:
P A Mc I
1
all centric all bending