PIONEER IN EDUCATION

AND HIS CONTRIBUTIONS

PRESENTED BY:
1. MUHAMMAD IZZUDDIN BIN CHE’ MAT
2. NOOR AMALINA BINTI MHD SHOFI
3. NOR FATIHAH BINTI HARUN
4. NUR FATIN ADIBAH BINTI BAHARUDIN
5. SALINAH BINTI JASRIN
6. WAN NUR SUHADA BINTI SUKRI
 Herbert Spencer was born in Derby, England on April 27, 1820.

 His father, George focused Herbert's early education on science, and

simultaneously, he was introduced to philosophical thinking.

 His uncle, Thomas Spencer, contributed to Herbert's education by instructing

him in mathematics, physics and Latin.

 Spencer is a key proponent of Social Darwinism.

 Spencer coined the phrase “survival of the fittest”.

 He was an agnostic who believed that the only way to gain knowledge was through
a scientific approach.
 Theory of
Theory knowledge
of value Theory of
human nature

Theory of Theory of
learning opportunity
 Self- Enjoying
preservation Maintaining proper leisure time
social and political
relationship

Securing the Rearing of

necessities of life family
 1. Self-preservations
activities needed to
perform all other activities
3. Child-rearing activities
5. Leisure and recreation
activities
2. Occupational or
professional activity
that enable a person to
earn a living
4. Social and political
participations activities
 METHOD OF INSTRUCTIONS

 Spencer's method is, broadly speaking, scientific and empirical.

 The purpose of each science or field of investigation was to

accumulate data and to derive from these phenomena the basic
principles or laws or 'forces' which gave rise to them.

 Spencer was at pains to show how the evidence and conclusions

of each of the sciences is relevant to, and materially affected
by, the conclusions of the others.
Emphasis on physical, biological and social sciences.
- He wanted schools to modernize their curriculum.
Herbert Spencer stressed the importance of science in the school.
- Related to the effective performance of all life activities.
Herbert Spencer focus on using scientific knowledge.
- Replace theological system of Middle Ages to philosophical system.
 Social Statics

• He denied the legitimacy of private property in land, argued for

the equality of men and women as a moral ideal, and said children
should be educated through persuasion and rational argument
rather than discipline and coercion.

Education

• His essays on education, ridiculed the usual practice of cramming,

the dominance of Latin and Greek in the upper class schools, and
excessive attention to the stories of kings and queens.
  SOCIAL STATICS (1851)

 PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY (1855)

 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY (1861 & 1864)

 FIRST PRINCIPLES (1862)

 THE STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY (1873)

 DESCRIPTIVE SOCIOLOGY (1874)

 THE MAN VERSUS THE STATE (1884)

“The great aim of education is not
knowledge but action”
- Herbert Spencer -
“Mother, when your children are irritable, do not
make them more so by scolding and fault-finding,
bur correct their irritability by good nature and
mirthfulness”
- Herbert Spencer -
THANK YOU :)