Methods of Safe Disposal of Wastes

Nithila Bhasker| Ritu |

Incineration

Definition -

• A waste treatment technology, which includes the combustion of waste for

recovering energy, is called as “incineration”
Incineration contd.

• During the process of incineration, the waste material that is treated is

converted in to gases, particles and heat. These products are later used for
generation of electricity. The gases, flue gases are first treated for eradication
of pollutants before going in to atmosphere.

• Incineration reduces the mass of the waste from 95 to 96 percent.

Disadvantages –

• Incinerating plants are producers of heavy metals, which are injurious even in
minor amounts.

• Extremely injurious matter needs adequate disposing off. This requires

additional miles and need special locations for land filling this material.
Scrubbers

• Definition
• Scrubber systems are a diverse group of air pollution
control devices that can be used to remove particles
and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams.
Traditionally, scrubbers have referred to pollution
control devices that used liquid to "scrub" unwanted
pollutants from a gas stream.
• Recently, the term scrubber is also used to describe
systems that inject a dry reagent or slurry into a dirty
exhaust stream to "scrub out" acid gases. Scrubbers
are one of the primary devices that control gaseous
emissions, especially acid gases.
Scrubbers contd.

• Disadvantages –
 Corrosion problems
 High Power requirements
 Water-disposal problems
 Difficult product recovery
Electrostatic precipitators

• Many power stations burn fossil fuels such as

coal and oil. Smoke is produced when these
fuels burn. Smoke comprises tiny solid
particles, such as unreacted carbon, which can
damage buildings and cause breathing
difficulties. To avoid this, the smoke is removed
from waste gases before they pass out of the
chimneys. The electrostatic precipitator is the
device used in chimneys for this job.

• Smoke particles pick up a charge as they pass

the charged metal grid. These smoke particles
are attracted to oppositely charged collecting
plates.