Liquid Level measuring instruments

The scale is calibrated to measure height directly in Fig 9.1

In Fig 9.2 the motion of the ball rotates the shaft which moves a scale.
This is how Fig 9.2 looks in 3D.
A raise of dip in height enlarges or compresses the transmitting bellows,
Which in turn enlarges or compresses the receiving bellows. The receiving
Bellows is connected to a scale which is calibrated.
Only when the air pressure is almost equal to the pressure at the bottom of the
dip pipe does bubbles form. This air pressure is read off from the pressure receiver.
Once this pressure is known we can calculate the height of liquid in the tank.
This is how it looks in an industry after automation.
The air pressure needed to keep the scale horizontal is read off in
the pressure receiver. Once this pressure is known the height is known.
Liquid Interface measurement
 Density measurement

Here h1 and h0 are known. The pressures needed to form bubbles in the two
tanks are measured. Then the density of the liquid in the measuring tank can
be calculated.
When the liquid flows in the tank a buoyant force acting on the displacer
moving the scale from the horizontal position. The air pressure needed to
restore this scale to the horizontal position is read off the pressure gauge.
This is equal to the buoyant force and hence the liquid density is calculated.
Hydrometer
Height measurement for solid material

When the height of the solid

reaches the diaphragm level
it pushes the diaphragm wall,
which will operate the signal.
Thus we are sure where the
height of the solid is.