 WHAT IS ABRASIVE JET MACHINING ?

 It is the material removal process where the

material is removed by high velocity stream of
air/gas or water and abrasive mixture .
 An abrasive is small, hard particle having sharp
edges and an irregular shape .
 High velocity jet is aimed at a surface under
controller condition .
 COMPONENTS OF ABRASIVE JET
MACHINING
 Abrasivedelivery system
 Control system

 Pump

 Nozzle

 Mixing tube

 Motion system
1. ABRASIVE DELIVERY SYSTEM

Auto abrasive delivery system has the capability

of storing abrasive & delivery the abrasive to
the bucket . It’s works auto programming
system by help of once measuring record & no
adjustment or fine tuning system . High sensitive
sensor gives extremely reliable & repeatable .
2.CONTROL SYSTEM
 The control algorithm that computes exactly
how the feed rate should vary for a given
geometry in a given material to make a precise
part .
 The algorithm actually

determines desired variation

in the feed rate & the tool
path to provide an extremely
smooth feed rate .
3.PUMP
 Crankshaft & intensifier pump are mainly use
in the abrasive jet machine .
 The intensifier pump was the

only pump capable of reliably

creating pressures high .
 Crankshaft pumps are more

efficient than intensifier pumps

because they do not require a power robbing
hydraulic system ultra high pressure & more
stroke per minute .
 4.NOZZLE
 All abrasive jet systems use the same basic two
stage nozzle . First , water passes through a
small diameter jewel orifice to form a narrow
jet .
 The abrasive particles are accelerated by the
moving stream of water & they pass into a
long hollow cylindrical
ceramic mixing tube.
 Generally two type of nozzle
use , right angle head &
straight head .
 FIG. OF NOZZLE
5. MIXING TUBE
 The mixing tube is where the abrasive mixes
with the high pressure water .
 The mixing tube should be

replaced when tolerances

drop below acceptable levels .
 For maximum accuracy ,

replace the mixing tube

more frequently .
6.MOTION SYSTEM
 In order to make precision parts , an abrasive
jet system must have a precision x-y table and
motion control system .
 Tables fall into three general categories .

 Floor-mounted gantry systems

 Integrated table/gantry systems

 Floor-mounted cantilever systems

 WORKING PROCESS

 High pressure water starts at the pump , and is

delivered through special high pressure
plumbing to the nozzle .
 At the nozzle , abrasive is introduced & as the
abrasive/water mixture exits , cutting is
performed .
 Once the jet has exited the nozzle , the energy
is dissipated into the catch tank , which is
usually full of water & debris from previous
cut .
 FIG . SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF AJM
 AJM FEATURES
 There are main features of AJM
 Obtainable tolerances

 Material to machine

 Material thickness

 Accuracy of table

 Stability of table

 Control abrasive jet

 MACHINE ASPECTS
 Around curves
 Inside corner
 Feed rate
 Acceleration
 Nozzle focus
 Speed cutting
 Pump pressure
 Hardness & thickness
 Software controlling the motion
 Power at the nozzle
 TYPES OF ABRASIVE MATERIALS

 Different types of abrasive are used in abrasive

jet machining like garnet , aluminum oxide ,
olivine , silica sand , silicon carbide ,etc .
 Virtually any material can be cut by using
abrasive jet machining method , i.e harder
materials like titanium to steel.
 Abrasive particles must be hard ,high toughness,

irregular in shape & edges should be sharp .

 ADVANTAGES
 Extremely fast setup & programming
 No start hole required

 There is only one tool

 Low capital cost

 Less vibration

 No heat generated in work piece

 Environmentally friendly
 DISADVANTAGES
 Low metal removal rate
 Due to stay cutting accuracy is affected

 Abrasive powder cannot be reused

 Tapper is also a problem

 CONCLUSION
 The better performance , and the applications
represented above statements confirm that
ABRASIVE JET MACHINING is continue to
expand .
 The new software’s used to minimize time and
investments , there by making it possible for
more manufacturers of precision parts to
install AJM centers .