Biopharmaceuticals

Agricultural Biotechnology
 BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
01

Types and sources

02
Contents
Biopharmaceuticals from
03 plants

Biopharmaceuticals from
04 animals
Biopharmaceuticals
• A biological macromolecule or cellular component,
such as a blood product, used as a pharmaceutical.
• Biopharmaceuticals are medical drugs produced
using biotechnology
• Used for therapeutic or in vivo diagnostic purposes,
and are produced by means other than direct
extraction from a native (non engineered) biological
source.
Timeline Style
Classification of Biopharmaceutical
Produced by recombinant
technology

Extracted by living system

Biopharmaceuticals from living system
Sources

Microorganis
Animals ms

1 2
3 4
Living Plants
system
includes
 Biopharmaceuticals from animals

Biopharmaceuticals proteins in livestock started with the production of the

01 transgenic pigs, rabbits, and sheep.

02 They synthesized by specific organs and secreted in any specific body

fluid.

03 From past many proteins have been synthesized from animals like pigs, cows,
rabbits.
Expression system for the products

Blood Urine Semen egg

 Animal body fluid.  Transgenic hens can

 It also can be used  It is an effective site be used as the live
 Can be used for as the expression for expression of the bioreactors.
the expression of system for the recombinant protein  A single hen can
the expression of the in transgenic produce 330eggs/year.
 Transgenic hens have
pharmaceutical pharmaceutical animals.
short generation time
protein. proteins.  Seminal plasma is a and prolific rate of
 It involves the suitable source for reproduction via
 Human α1-trypsin engineering of the the bioactive protein artificial insemination.
obtained from the urothelial cells for production.  No products are in
serum of the the production of  Protein secretion is commercial pipeline
rabbits. companies are still
desired protein in exocrine so it does
pursuing product
 Recombinant the urine. not effect the animal development.
human health adversely.
hemoglobin
 Milk Protein Genes
αs1

αs1 Two Major Types BLG

Caseins Whey

β α-lacto
albumin

K
The genes encoding these proteins are single copy
and are transcribed specifically in the mammary
glands.

These genes have been introduced into the mice to

assess their expression in the mammary glands.
Milk Casein Protein
 Regulatory elements which direct the expression
of the milk protein genes in the mammary
gland.
Many promoters have been used to target the expression
of variety of human therapeutic proteins in the mammary
Promoters glands.

Many of these experiments have been carried on the

mice.

Results were positive.

 Biopharmaceuticals from plants

Hematopoietic growth Interferon

factors

Types

Monoclonal antibodies Thrombolytic agents

Hormones
 Popularly known as magic bullets.

Antibodies produced by the single clone of the cell.

Monoclonal Produced by hybridoma cells.

antibody
Used for treatment of rheumatoid.

Arthritis and cancer.

Structure of Monomial Antibody
 Proteins involved in the breakdown of blood clot.

Found on epithelial cells.

Thrombolytic Tissue plasminogen activator

agent
Serine protease.

Absence leads to myocardial infraction.

 Chemical substances that regulate and controls the
activity of certain cells and organs e.g. insulin.

Harmons Produced in islets of Langerhans in pancreas.

Absence cause diabetes mellitus.

 Inteferon

Cell signaling
proteins produced
from the cells of the
immune system in
response to
challenges
Large scale production
Moss plant (bioreactor)

Plant culture

Mammalian cell line

Microbial cell culture/recombinant

 Production through bioreactor

 Provide optimal environment for the

plant cell growth for high yield
production of recombinant proteins.

Composed of:
i. Culture tank
ii. Airing systems
iii. Stirred systems
iv. Equipment for entrance and exit of the
liquid culture medium.
:
Categories of bioreactor

Reusable Bioreactors Disposable Bioreactors

Made of Stainless Consist of single use
Steel plastic bag or container
and can be used e.g. Membrane
recurrently for Bioreactor
recombinant protein
production e.g.
Stirred Bioreactor.
 Selection of bioreactor

Relies on:
Cells characteristics
Recombinant protein features
 Other Controlling Factors for
Bioreactors

 Appropriate culture mixing.

 Proper aeration.
 Controlled pH, temperature, and
material concentration
Example:
 Waves bioreactor
 Applications of
Biopharmaceuticals
 Plants have potential to produce
pharmaceutical products for different
diseases.
 low cost as compared to traditional.
 Different human diseases that are
treated by plant proteins are:
 Diabetes Mellitus
 Ebola Fever
 Growth disorders
Contd….
 Inflammatory condition
 In cancer treatment
 Heart disease
 HIV
 Alzheimer's disease
 Cystic fibrosis
 Traveler’s Diarrhea
 Crohn's Disease
 Obesity
 Tobacco Derived Antibodies
o Use for the treatment Ebola Virus
o Z Mapp protein
o Immunoadhesin (DPP4-Fc) produce
in green plant able to bind MERS
o CoV (Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome)
o Prevent from lung infection
 Barley Grain’s
o Homodimeric growth factor
o Used in thinning of hair
o Elimination of potential
contamination of therapeuticdrugs
with animal pathogens like:
o Prions
o Mycoplasmas
o Iruses
Barley Grain’s
 Monoclonal Antibodies from plants

o mAbs in biotechnology are

involved in two broaden areas
o In Diagnostic
o Pregnancy & Ovulation Test
o AIDS Test
o Imaging & therapy
o Gastrointestinal cancer Lungs,
Breast & Prostrate Cancer
Monoclonal Antibodies
 Lettuce leaves

o Freeze dried lettuce leaves to make

stable drugs.
o Vaccines are also produced.
o Use for Hemophilia patients
Cause :
o blood clotting
Lettuce Leaves
Conclusion

 The most important aspect of PMF

research is that it does not require a large
financial investment.
 Production speed more
 Safe to use
 Prevents contamination that are usually
caused by microbes & animals.
The End!
Thank you