INDEX

Molecular Biology
Sr No Practical Name Slide No
1. DNA Extraction 03
2. Qualitative estimation of genomic DNA 06
3. PCR based RAPD analysis 08
Plant Tissue Culture
1. Preparation of MS nutrient medium 12
2. Aseptic manipulation of various explants 15
3. Micropropagation of important crops 18
Bioinformatics
1. Retrieval of nucleotide sequences from GenBank 21
2. BLAST ANALYSIS 24
3. NTedit and NTSYSpc 27
Microbial And Environmenat Biotechnology
1. Formulation and Production of Peanut Milk Beverage . 30
2. Formation & Production of soyamilk a nutra Bevarege 33
3. POUR PLATE TECHNIQUE 36
 Molecular Biology
Practical-1: DNA Extraction

Aim : To study the isolation of plant genomic DNA by using modified CTAB method
BASIC PRINCIPLE:
1.Extraction of high molecular weight DNA free from protein and RNA is essential for all molecular
biology investigations.
2.The cell walls must be digested away to release cellular constituents, which is done by grinding tissue in
extraction buffer or with liquid N2.
3.Detergents like CTAB (Cetryl Trimethy Ammonium Bromide) or SDS (Sodium Dodecy Sulphate) are
used to remove biomolecules and protein other than nucleic acids.
4.DNA must be protected from the endogenous nucleases and therefore EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra
Acetic Acid), a chelating agent is used. It binds to the magnesium ions (Mg ++) which are considered as a
co-factor for most nucleases.
5.The tissue mixture is emulsified with either chloroform : Isoamyl alcohol to denature protein from
DNA.
6The crop species where excess polysaccharides/phenols are present PVP (Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone) is .
added to the extraction buffer
REQUIREMENT:
Scissors, Disposable gloves, Paper towels/Kimwipes, Ice bucket, Micro-centrifuge tubes, Micro pipettes
and Micro pipettes tips (1000 µl, 2- 20 µl, 0.5 - 2 µl)Labeling/Colored tapes Reagent bottles (500
ml/200ml Marking pens ,Beakers ,Eppendorf racks Tissue paper rolls
 Procedure :
 1. Fresh leaves are cut into small pieces, transfer into 1.5 ml tubes and 400 µl CTAB buffer. Crush the leaves in tissue lyzer (with bead for 1 – 3 min.).
2. Add 400µl of CTAB extraction buffer (preheated to 650C) in each grounded sample and mix thoroughly.

3. Incubate samples at 65°C for 15 – 20 minutes using a water bath with occasional mixing

4. Add equal volume (~700 µl) of choloform: isoamylalcohol (24:1) and shake slowly.

5. Keep at room temperature (~25°C ) for 15 min. and shake slowly in between.

6. Centrifuge samples for 3 minutes at 13,000 rpm.

7. Two aqueous layers separated by a whitish thin layer will be obtained.

8. Transfer the aqueous phase (~500 µl), without disturbing inter-phase, into a fresh 1.5 ml tube.
9. Add equal volume of pre-chilled absolute ethanol (~500 l) to each sample to precipitate the DNA. Thread like white DNA will appear to
precipitate.
10. Keep it at -20°C for 2 hours in deep freezer.
11. Centrifuge at 10,000 rpm for 7 – 8 minutes to obtain transparent white DNA pellet. Pour off the ethanol from the samples and allow it to air
dry for 2 hours (in laminar air flow) to remove the ethanol completely
RESULT:
1.Thread like DNA start appearing with addition of pre-chilled ethanol/iso-
propanol in respective stage.

2.DNA pellet of transparent to white colour is obtained after final centrifugation

 Practical- 2:Qualitative estimation of genomic DNA

 Aim : To study the qualitative estimation of DNA with the help of agarose gel electrophoresis.
PRINCIPLE:
 It is critical that plant DNA must be of high molecular weight for molecular analysis (> 30 kb).
 The isolated DNA needs to be estimated for quality before starting of molecular biology experiments.
 To check this you will need to run an aliquot (2l) of each sample on 0.8 % agarose gel.
 High molecular weight DNA will reveal single band near high molecular weight size band of molecular weight standard.
 If a second band is revealed at the lower portion of the gel, it indicates contamination of RNA and a smear in the gel shows
protein contamination and degraded DNA.
 A further purification is needed according to DNA quality observation if necessary.
 High molecular weight and high quality DNA can be used for all types of molecular studies

Chemicals required :
Tris (1M),EDTA (0.5M) ,Glacial Acetic Acid ,Autoclaved distilled water (ADW) ,Standard DNAEthidium Bromide,Ethanol
(70%) ,Agarose,DNA loading dye (6X – orange loading dye),TAE (1X) buffer
Preparation of 0.8 % agarose gel :
1. Take 100 ml 1X TAE buffer in a conical flask

2. 2Add 0.8 g agarose to 100 ml 1X TAE and allow agarose to melt by heating the solution (microwave oven/ heating mantle)

3. Gently stir the solution intermittently till a transparent gel like mixture is obtained

4. Do not allow to overheat and bubble formation

5. Allow to cool to warm and add 3 µl Ethidium Bromide with the help of a pipette (Stock concentration - 10 mg/ml; Working
concentration - 1 μg/ml.)

6. Pour gel on gel casting tray (with suitable comb and sealed)
7. Allow to solidify then gently remove the comb and seals.
8. Place the gel on electrophoresis unit ‘tank’ along with casting tray.
9. Mix loading dye with DNA as (5 µl dye + 2 µl DNA).
10. Load DNA samples (mixed with loading lye) over the well formed by comb
11. Run the gel by attaching cod to the power pack for 20 min
12. Gel documentation by using gel doc system

Results:
During agarose gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA, it was found that the resulting
DNA fragments are visible as clearly defined bands.
But some RNA contamination was found in sample 5 and 8 whereas, the sample 2
and 3 showing the protein and degraded DNA.
The DNA standard or ladder separated to a degree that allows for the useful
determination of the sizes of sample bands.
 Practical-3:PCR based RAPD analysis
Aim: To study the PCR amplification of DNA with particular RAPD primers at recommended annealing
temperature

PRINCIPLE :
1. Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro method of nucleic acid synthesis by
which a particular segment of DNA can be specifically amplified.
2. PCR technology had a significant impact in almost all areas of molecular biology and
modification of the basic procedures has allowed developing numerous assays for
detecting variation at the nucleotide level.
3. Random amplified polymorphic DNA, approach had been widely used in plant
molecular biology. William et al. (1990) have developed RAPD to detect genetic
polymorphism in crop plants.
4. RAPD PCR is typically carried out using random oligonucleotide (decamers) primers (10 nt
length) that flank the DNA fragment to be amplified
5. These primers anneal to opposite strands of the target sequence and are oriented so that DNA
synthesis by the polymerase proceeds across the region between the primers.
6. Amplification is achieved through repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing and extension
of the annealed primers with thermostable DNA polymerase (Taq Polymerase).
7. As the extension products are complimentary to and capable of binding primers, successive cycles of
amplification double the amount of target DNA synthesized in the previous cycle

8 The resulting amplified product can be visualized by running through agarose gel (1.2 – 1.5 %) with ethidium .
bromide (Et.Br) stain.

 REQUIREMENT :
 CHEMICAL.REQUIREMENT: RAPD random primers (10 nt),dNTPs,Template DNA,PCR
buffer,Taq DNA polymerase,Agarose gel eletrophoresis reagents (1X TAE, Ethidium Bromide,
Gel loadng dye etc.),Ultra pure water.
 MATERIALS REQUIRED:
 Sample DNA to be analysed (20 – 40 ng/µl)
LABWARES REQUIRED:
PCR tubes ,Micro pipette,Tips,Mini cooler tray,Ice bucket.
 APPATRTUS REQUIRED:
 PCR Thermocycler
PROCEDURE:
1. Label 0.2 ml PCR tubes for each genomic DNA and arrange the tubes in the rack.

2. Add 2l of template DNA to the tubes already labeled and keep in the PCR tube rack.

3. Prepare the following reaction cocktail in a 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube for required number of reactions plus two reactions to
compensate the pipetting loss.

4. N.B. While preparing the PCR reactions, it is important to keep the reactions in ice, add the components in the order as indicated.

5. Add 18l of the reaction mixture to the PCR tube, which is already loaded with 2l of template DNA making the final volume to
20l

6. Mix by flicking the tube repeatedly with your finger and then centrifuge for a few seconds to bring the contents to the bottom of the
tube (do not use the vortex mixer to mix the enzyme mixture as this inactivate the enzyme).

7 Perform the PCR reaction in a thermocycler following the programme given below:

8 Load the tubes in PCR thermcycler machine and set PCR as following:

9 Take out samples after completion of cycles and resolve in agarose gel.

10 Load the RAPD products (10l) of individual reactions for electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel prepared with 1X TAE
buffer (having ethidium bromide)

11 Run in 1X TAE buffer at 80 volt for 1 hours. Standard DNA molecular weight marker must be added to one of the wells in
the gel.
 After completion of the PCR, perform agarose gel
Observation: electrophoresis and compare the RAPD patterns of the
four different samples genomic DNA

Lane 1: 100 bp DNA Ladder
Lane 2: RAPD Pattern of wheat-1
genomic DNA
Lane 3: RAPD Pattern of wheat-2
genomic DNA Lane 4: RAPD Pattern
of cotton-1 genomic DNA Lane 5:
RAPD Pattern of cotton-2 genomic
DNA
 Results :
1. The RAPD pattern i.e. number and size of the amplified
PCR product varies among different DNA samples taken for
study.
2. This happens due to the variation in their genomic DNA
sequences and annealing sites of the random primer.
3. By doing this experiment one can study the RAPD
fingerprints for differentiating individuals at genus and
species level.
4. The RAPD patterns of wheat and cotton show significant
differences but the RAPD patterns within the species of same
genus i.e. wheat-1, wheat-2 show less differences.
 PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
 Practical-1: Preparation of MS nutrient medium
Aim : To study how to make the best type of MS media for micropropagation of different plants

Principle:
The basic nutritional requirements of cultured plant cells as well as plants are very similar.
However, the nutritional composition varies according to the cells, tissues, organs and protoplasts and
also with respect to particular plant species. The appropriate composition of the medium largely
determines the success of the culture. A wide variety of salt mixtures have been reported in various
media.
A nutrient medium is defined by its mineral salt composition, carbon source, vitamins, growth
regulators and other organic supplements. When referring to a particular medium, the intention is to
identify only the salt composition unless otherwise specified. Any number and concentration of amino
acids, vitamins, growth regulators and organic supplements can be added in an infinite variety of
compositions to a given salt composition in order to achieve the desired results.

Materials required: Glassware's, chemicals, pH meter, distilled water, autoclave

 PROCEDURE:
1. For MS media preparation autoclaved bottle of 1 litter capacity along with distilled water (800ml) was taken.

2. Then weight the 4.4 g media (HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.) and dissolved in distilled water.

3. Weight maltose (1.5%) /sucrose (3%) to dissolve in distilled water.

4. Then magnetic stirred for uniform dissolving solution, after completion of the dissolving process pH maintained at 5.8.

5. After adjustment pH, make up the volume of 1 litter.

6. Then weight the agar-agar 8 gm add in the solution.

7. Prepared media was autoclaved at 15 psi for 20 minutes.

8. Then kept it in growth chamber for cooling the media.

9. Before pouring the media in plates add the hormones NAA, Kinetin, BAP (0.5mg/l: 0.5mg/l: 1.5mg/l) as required amount according to treatment.

10. Then pouring the media in the laminar air flow in controlled condition .
 Practical-2: Aseptic manipulation of various explants
Aim : To study the sterilization process of explants used in micropropagation
technique by using various chemicals.

PRINCIPLE :
The first important condition for the successful tissue culture procedures is the maintenance of aseptic condition.
Sterilization eliminates microorganism and thus avoids contamination by bacteria and fungi. To maintain an aseptic
environment, all culture vessels, media and instruments used in handling tissue, as well as the explant itself is should
be surface sterilized. Plant material can be surface sterilized by variety of chemicals. Some commonly used chemicals
sterilants are as follows:

REQUIREMENTS :
Reagents & Chemicals: Tween 20 (liquid detergent) , 0.1% HgCl2 , 70% alcohol, sterile distilled water
Glasswares :Beakers, sterile petri plates, sterile blades, sterile forceps, muslin cloth
Equipment :Laminar airflow hood, Autoclave
 PROCEDURE :
1. Wash explant with tap water to remove soil and dust particles deposited on surface.

2. Transfer the washed explant into a glass beaker containing tap water; add few drops of liquid
detergent – Tween 20.

3. Cover beaker mouth with muslin cloth with the rubber band and keep under running tap water for
1 hour to remove any waxy/ oily deposition on explant surface.

4. Wash it twice with distilled water.

5. Transfer the explant into laminar airflow hood for farther work to avoid contamination.

6. Wash the above explant with sterile distilled water for thrice each washing should be for 3-4
minutes.

7. Treat it with 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 60 sec.

8. After treating it with disinfectant, wash it with sterile distil water for thrice, each washing should
be for 3-4 minutes.

9. Wash with 70% alcohol for 30 seconds to remove water from the surface of the explant
10 . Transfer the sterile explant to a sterile petri-plate.

11. Cut the explant into small pieces of about 1 cm with sterile blade.

12. Now the explant is ready for inoculation.

RESULT :
The explant used in experiment was sussessfully sterilized manipulation technique
that leads to the prevention of contamination during plant tissue culture .
 Practical-3:Micropropagation of important crops
 Aim : To study the protocol for micropropagation technique

Principle:
Plant cells and tissues are totipotent in nature i.e., every individual plant cell or tissue has the same genetic makeup and
capable of developing along a "programmed" pathway leading to the formation of an entire plant that is identical to the
plant from which it was derived.
The totipotency of the plant cells and tissues form the basis for in vitro cloning i.e., generation or multiplication of
genetically identical plants in in vitro culture.
The ability to propagate new plants from a cells or tissues of parent plant has many interesting possibilities.
Micropropagation is used commercially to asexually propagate plants. Using micropropagation, millions of new plants
can be derived from a single plant.
This rapid multiplication allows breeders and growers to introduce new cultivars much earlier than they could by using
conventional propagation techniques, such as cuttings.
Micropropagation also can be used to establish and maintain virus-free plant stock. This is done by culturing the plant's
apical meristem, which typically is not virus-infected, even though the remainder of the plant may be.
Once new plants are developed from the apical meristem, they can be maintained and sold as virus-free plant
Requirements:
a) Equipments
Conical flasks (100ml capacity)
Test tubes (25mm*150mm)
Petridishes (80mm diameter)
Pair of forceps and scalpel (15 cm long)
Environmental growth cabinets adjusted to 25º±2ºC with 18hr photoperiod and 1500lux intensity and 15º ± 2º and 600 lux
light intensity.
Shaker with 120rpm and 1000 lux light intensity.
b) Culture media, washing solutions, sterilizing agents, Glass distilled water, sterile glass distilled water, 0.5% HgCl2 solution and
Detergent Medium
c) Source tissue
Procedure :-
a. Sterilization of glassware
b. Preparation and sterilization of media
c. Explants collection:
1. Select a twig (60-90 cm long, 10-15mm wide) from mature elite trees and cut, making sure that the twig contains many young
axillary buds. The length is important in selecting twig that do not wither before being brought to the laboratory.
2. Bring the twigs containing axillary bud to the laboratory, remove the leaves and cut them into small pieces of about 5- 8 cm.
3. Transfer the buds to a sterile 250ml conical flask and surface sterilize the explants .
d. Culture of buds:
1. Keep sterile petri-dishes, scalpel, forceps and medium inside a sterile cabinet along with the flask
containing surface-sterilized explants.
2. Transfer these explants into sterile petri dishes with the help of a pair of sterile forceps and cut these
explants into small pieces of 10-15 mm each containing atleast one axillary bud.
3. Inoculate 2 pieces to each tube containing medium.
4. Incubate the tubes in an environment growth cabinet at 15º±2º and 500 lux light intensity for 72 hours.
5. Transfer the cultures after 72hr to another incubator maintained at 25º±2ºC with 16hr photoperiod and
1500lux intensity.
e. Multiplication by subculture
f. Transfer of plants to pots
Results:
Healthy and disease-free plants were obtained after hardening under greenhouse conditions
 BIOINFORMATICS
 Practical No. 1- Retrieval of nucleotide sequences from GenBank
Aim: To retrieve a nucleotide sequence of interest from Genbank entry with Specific accession number.
Procedure:
1.Open the web browser and type the database address 2 .Select nucleotide database from the All Databases
http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/genbank/ in the address bar.

3.Type the query (i.e., the accession number for which the
4. Select the particular sequence which is required.
nucleotide sequence has to be retrieved) in the search bar
and click on search option (AF465255- Oryza sativa
cultivar Nipponbare gibberellin-20 oxidase gene)
5. Select FASTA format in the display settings and
6. Copy the sequence data and paste it in the notepad.
click apply.

7. Save the notepad file in FASTA format.

8. Report the result: 6590 bp linear DNA of Oryza
sativa cultivar Nipponbare gibberellin-20 oxidase
gene submitted (02-JAN-2002) Cytogenetics,
National Institute of Agricultural Science and
Technology, 249, Seodun-dong, Suweon, 441-707,
Korea.

Result:
Thus the nucleotide sequence (Accession Number:
E01306.1) was retrieved from GenBank Database.
 Practical No. 2 - BLAST ANALYSIS
 Aim:- To identify the presence of given marker on particular BAC/PAC clones of chromosome
Procedure :
1. Open the GRAMENE home page, different type of tools are on the 2. Search the marker sequence for blast analysis.
home page of gramene, we select the marker tool.

3. Select the marker sequence for blast, directly blast

this sequence or copy this sequence and paste in blast 4. Fill the necessary information in the blast portal and click on configure.
portal.
5. Click over configure and fill up the E-value which require 6. We get exact location of that given sequence or marker on
less than zero as shown below. click over Run option. chromosome which is detected by rectangle as shown in figure

7. Alignment summary of the query sequence. 8 .Click the hyperlink “A” to get this review alignment .
9. Click over contig, it give accession no of that BAC clone, as 10. By selecting the accession no. we get exact location of that BAC
shown in diagram. clone over chromosome where its sequence situated.

RESULT:-
The exact location of the given marker on particular BAC/PAC clone was identified by blast analysis.
 Practical No. 3- NTedit and NTSYSpc
Aim:- To analyse qualitative data and generate dandogram using NTedit and NTSYSpc programme.
Procedure:-
2. Click over NTedit programm and open file in grid.
1. Generate binary data by observing gel in excel sheet and
save it in 97-2003 mocrosoft excel workbook.

3. Saved data automatically import in the NTedit sheet then save4. Open the NTSYSpc software and select the dissimilarity an
it in particular location by giving extension NTS. then quantitative data.
5. Browse and select the file in the input file dilog box and give
the choice of location in the output file dilog box then click on
6.See the report.
compute.

7. Open the new tab of software and click on cluster and 8. Copy previously save file in the inpute option and
then click on SHAN. paste output file by giving new extension to it and
compute it.
 10..Click on the left corner of the software (on dendogram
9. See the report. logo).

11.Set the tree plot option. 12. Save the dandogram metafile .

RESULT:-
Qualitative data can be differentiated on the basis of similarity/dissimilarity in the form of dendogram that can
show different clusters variation at different percent by using NTedit and NTSYSpc programme.
 Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology
Practial No 1 : Formulation and Production of Peanut Milk Beverage .

Aim : Formulation and Production of Peanut Milk Beverage

Requirements:
Peanuts (Araches Hypogeo), Mixer Grinder, Distilled water, Musclin cloth, Sodium Bicarbonate, Autoclave , Sieve.
Theory:
Peanut (Araches Hypogeo) is an important oilseed crop originated from South Africa, While India representing
one of its leading producer nearly 14% of world peanut production. Now a days some of the lifestyle changes &
medical issues like cow`s milk allergy, lactose, intolerance & hypercholesterolemia people were shifted into
plant based non dairy beverages peanut milk was developed from two different peanut varieties viz TNAU CO 6
& local variety. Proximate composition of local & TNAU CO 6 variety of peanut was analysed & the
carbohydrates, proteins fat was high in TNAUCO6 peanut variety & its value was 26.7 (g/100g), 27.8 (g/ 100g),
38(g/100g). When compared to local variety its value was 25.2 (g/100g), 24.7 (g/100g), 39(g/100g) respectively
peamilk was extracted by 5different processing method in both local TNAU CO 6 variety. Peanut milk prepared
without any treatments & processing was considered as a control peanut milk. Among the different treatment ,
the best treatment was selected based on sensory scores in each processing methods of both peanut varieties.
Methodology :
100gm of peanuts were soaked for 18 hrs in 1% sodium bicarbonate solution i.e. (1:3 ratio kernels to 1% NaHCO3). After
soaking, peanuts were dehuked. The dehusked Kernels were washed with water & ground with hot water in a ratio of 1:6
( Kernels to water ) in the grinder. The slurry formed was sieved by muslin cloth & peanut milk was heated to boil &
cooled & packed.
Diagrames :

Observations :
Fresh off white colored peanut nutrabeverage prepared and different nutrient contents were
tested biochemically as per fssai i.e. food safety & standard authority of India -2015 such as – reducing sugar ,
total proteins & milk fats & microbial analysis was also carried out .
e.g. Determination of total microbial plate count.

Result : Peanut milk beverage was prepared.

 Practical No 2: Formation & Production of Soyamilk a Nutra Bevarege
Aim: Formation & Production of soyamilk a Nutra Bevarege

Requirement 1 : Soyabeen seeds mixer grinder sileve or muslin cloth distilles water

Theroy: Antioxident Defence

A study reported that femarnted soyamilk process high cytotoxic Activity due higher aglyone form peptides derived
from say glyciniprotein areone of the most abusunt storge proteins in soyabeen they have show a high degree of
autioxident activity soyamilkis a very popular beverage with the Chinese japanesein whether maintain population
however its production has improved processing method that remove beary falvor of the milk due to lipxygenese
soyabeen and improved processing method that remove the health benifetheart dises hae also caused and increasein
soyamilkhealth claim if the food contain at least 6.25 g soyabeenwith low lwvel of cholstrol satired fat total soyamilk
fat is vey imp because it is the intermideiat products because intermediate products in the manufacture of total
 
 Available Facilities :

*SOIL testing laboratory - This service provide at reasonable rate for farmers.
*Agricultural Exhibition - Once in a year, the exhibition is arranged by institute.

*Hydroponics techniques- Soilless Farming project are under working.

*Water Testing Laboratory.

*Biofertilizer

Functions :
1. Krishi Vigyaan Kendra arranges the various need based training programs for farmers.
2. They gives knowledge of advanced rural farming technology to the farmer.
3. The KVK,Aurangabad act as a chain link between University and farmers.
4. It supplies varieties of breeds of various goats and poultry farmers.
REFERENCES:
1.Keb-Llanes, M., Gonzales, G., Chi-Manzanero, B. and Infante, D. 2002. A rapid and simple method for small-
scale DNA extraction in Agavaceae and other tropical plants. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 20(3):299.
2.Voytas, D., 2000. Agarose gel electrophoresis. Current protocols in molecular biology, 51(1), pp.2-5.
3.Murasnige, T. and Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio agsays with tohaoco tissue
cultures. Physiol. plant, 15(3), pp.473-497.
4.Khare, S.R., Kharate, P.S., kumar Sahu, R. and Jha, Z., 2021. The Rapid in-vitro micropropagation of Bamboo
(Dendrocalamus strictus) and its genetic fidelity testing using ISSR markers. Environment Conservation Journal.
5.Kumar, S.R., Ram, K.S., Kharate Pawankumar, S. and Zenu, J., 2021. Clonal fidelity assessment of in vitro
propagated Bambusa balcooa plant using DNA marker. Research Journal of Biotechnology Vol, 16, p.4.
6.Tripathi, D.M., Gautam, D., Tiwari, D., Ahuja, D., Sharma, D.A. and Singh, D.A., Introduction to
Bioinformatics (Practical Manual-MBB 555).
7.Rohlf, F.J., 1992. NTSYS-pc: numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Applied Biostatistics.
8.de Albuquerque, E.M.B., Almeida, F.D.A.C., Gomes, J.P., Alves, N.M.C. and da Silva, W.P., 2015. Production
of “peanut milk” based beverages enriched with umbu and guava pulps. Journal of the Saudi Society of
Agricultural Sciences, 14(1), pp.61-67.
9.Diarra, K., Nong, Z.G. and Jie, C., 2005. Peanut milk and peanut milk based products production: a review.
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 45(5), pp.405-423.
10.Snyder, H.E. and Wilson, L.A., 2003. SOY (SOYA) BEANS| Processing for the Food Industry.