TRAIN ANTI -COLLISION

AND FIRE SECURITY

SYSTEM

Presented
S.SANDEEP KUMAR

Under the guidance of

DAVID KIRAN SIR

 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 POWER SUPPLY
 ANTI-COLLISION SYSTEM
 FIRE SECURITY SYSTEM
 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

 The goal is to design and implement a cost effective and

intelligent full-fledged Train Anti Collision System to prevent
the train collisions.

 Presently, emergency may be passed through traditional tele-

communication systems like Walkie-Talkies or other
communication devices.

 In the traditional communication method, human error or

carelessness may lead to severe disasters as noticed in the past.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
LCD?
LM016L

C1 RP?

VDD
VSS

VEE

RW
1

RS

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
U1

E
33p 19 39 2
XTAL1 P0.0/AD0

1
2
3

4
5
6

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
C2 X1 P0.1/AD1
38 3
CRYSTAL 37 4
P0.2/AD2
18 36 5
XTAL2 P0.3/AD3
35 6
P0.4/AD4
33p 34 7
P0.5/AD5
33 8
P0.6/AD6
9 32 9
RST P0.7/AD7
21 RESPACK-8
P2.0/A8
22
P2.1/A9
23
P2.2/A10
29 24
PSEN P2.3/A11
30 25
ALE P2.4/A12
31 26
EA P2.5/A13
27
P2.6/A14
28
P2.7/A15
1 10
P1.0/T2 P3.0/RXD
2 11
P1.1/T2EX P3.1/TXD
3 12
sensor 1 4
P1.2 P3.2/INT0
13 D1
P1.3 P3.3/INT1
5 14
P1.4 P3.4/T0
6 15
P1.5 P3.5/T1
7 16 LED-GREEN
sensor2 8
P1.6 P3.6/WR
17
P1.7 P3.7/RD
AT89C52
D2
U2
9
COM
1 16 LED-GREEN
1B 1C
2 15
2B 2C
3 14
3B 3C
4 13
ANT 5
4B 4C
12
5B 5C
6 11
6B 6C
7 10
7B 7C
ULN2003A
BUZ1(1)

A
BUZ1
B
RL1
C 5V
BUZZER
D

R F Module
RELAY
 POWER SUPPLY

Using Step down transformer :

 At input terminal connect 230v AC signal and at output you
will receive 12v ac supply.
 The output of transformer 12v ac supply is converted into
12v dc supply by using bridge rectifier circuit.

Using Voltage Regulator :

 The output of rectifier is connected to the 5v dc voltage
regulator, then output will be 5vdc.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
 ANTI-COLLISION SYSTEM
This system consists of

 Radio Frequency Identification Module

 Radio Frequency Identification Cards (Tags)
 Microcontroller
 Radio Frequency wireless module
 Transmitter

 Receiver
 RFID Module
• An RF module is a small
electronic device used to
transmit and/or receive radio
signals between two devices.

• RF modules typically
incorporate a printed circuit
board, transmit or receive
circuit, antenna and serial
interface for communication to
the host processor.
 RFID Tags

 RFID tags that contain their own power source are known
as active tags. Those without a power source are known as
passive tags.
 A passive tag is briefly activated by the radio frequency
scan of the reader. The electrical current is small generally
just enough for transmission of an ID number, Active tags
have more memory and can be read at greater ranges.
RFID tagging is used in supply chain management as an
alternative to bar code technology.

Although more expensive to use than the bar code stickers,

RFID tags don’t get dirty or fall off or require an
unobstructed line-of-sight between tag and the reader.
ID chips have been used to track wildlife and livestock for
over decade.
RF Wireless Module

Transmitter:

An RF transmitter module is a small PCB

sub-assembly capable of transmitting a radio
wave and modulating that wave to carry
data. Transmitter modules are usually
implemented alongside a micro controller
which will provide data to the module which
can be transmitted.

RF transmitters are usually subject to

regulatory requirements which dictate the
maximum allowable transmitter power
output, harmonics, and band edge
requirements.
 Receiver

An RF receiver module receives the modulated RF signal

and demodulates it.
There are two types of RF receiver module:
• Super-heterodyne receivers and
• Super-regenerative receivers
 FIRE SECURITY SYSTEM

 The main objective of this system is to make a fire control

in fire accidents, with low cost. And protects human life.

 Design and implementation of a cost effective and

intelligent full-fledged system to prevent Train fire
accidents is complicated. In this system, we are using
temperature sensors (thermistor) along with Relays.

 Whenever there is fire due to the Short circuits that may

lead to fire breaks out, then temperature sensor senses the
heat and gives signal to the relays that are connected to the
various circuits in the train.
Fire Accident in Coach
 These disconnect the power supplies and gives signal to the
brake system of the train automatically.

 Indication of the alarm continues and automatically water

carrying system will be activated which reduces the amount
of the fire accident.

This system has three main Functions.

 The detection system

 The monitoring system and

 The appliance system.

 The detection system

 The detection system operates as the fire detector. This

detection system has Thermistor.

 a thermistor senses the temperature of the hot end. Often a

second thermistor senses the temperature of the heated bed.

 Thermistors are resistors that change of resistance with a

change in temperature.
The lowering, or rise, depends on the type of thermistor per
degree Kelvin (or Celsius, if you prefer), this is called its
coefficient.
Positive thermal coefficient (PTC) will increase in resistance
with an increase in temperature, negative ones (NTC) will
decrease.

THERMISTER (10K)
Microcontroller (AT89S52)

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density

nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the
industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.

Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a

highly-flexible and cost- effective solution to many embedded
control applications.

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash
memory.
 The monitoring system:

 Any signal from each detector at any level is monitored using

monitoring system.
 Then it shows in the control panel LCD display which area is
affected and which is safe. Then it runs the emergency exit
motor to escape and the water pump motor to the affected zone
to stop the fire.
The Appliance system

The appliance system has components like buzzer for

alarming and motor pump to stop the fire.

The entire system is controlled by microcontroller. The

microcontroller is programmed in such way by using C-
Programming.
 CONCLUSION

Finally we conclude advanced Railway Security & Monitoring

System can detect the accidents and inform immediately
monitoring station so that more lives can be saved.

The main importance of the system is to reduce the fire

accidents and gas leakages. At the same time it requires less
maintenance which would increase the income as money
spend on maintenance will be saved. The life time of the
system is more than the existing system.