welcome

welcome

Welcome
Gabion structure
Gabion structure

Submitted by-sweta

M.TECH
OUT LINE
1.General Information About Gabion
2.Introduction
3.Characteristics
4.Uses Of Gabion
5.Gabion Structures Employment
6.Advantages Of Gabions
7.Construction Of Gabion Structure
8.Construction Steps
9.Computation Of Construction Cost
Of Gabion.
10.Computation Procedure .
11.case study
12.reference
general information about
gabion

Originated IN ITALY.

Basically rectangular wire mesh.

Filled with stones.

Size of the stones filled is always greater

than the mesh opening.
 INTRODUCTION

According to oxford dictionary :: A cylindrical basket

or container filled with earth , stones, or other material and
in civil engineering works.
 Is a wire mesh cage or basket filled with stones.
A gabion is a big wire box full of small stone.

.
CHARACTERSTICS:
FLEXIBLE
PERMIABLE
ECONOMIC $

BOXES ARE MADE OF GALVENISED WIRE.

 USES OF GABION
Gully Control.

Torrent Control

Landslip Control ,land Slide Control

River Bank Protection Works

 GABION STRUCTURES ARE EMPLOYED(Gupta&dalre 1967
As a retaining wall
Gabion structure used as retaining wall is called as gabion
retaining wall.
USES -
Unstable condition
Constructed to any height and shape.
 As a spur:
For controlling stream bank erosion.
Depth of spur’s foundation should be kept deeper towards upstream
side.

As a drop structure:

Gabion structure used as a drop structure are called as gabion drop
structure.
Reduces gully gradient. to serve as silt trip.
It is used where the drop height is more than 1 m.
5 cm thick concrete should be furnished after settlement
 As a flexible apron:
Gabion aprons are extensively used as flexible apron to act as a
revetment , retaining wall to protect the existing structure.
Gabion structure as revetment
Its main function is to provide the blanket type protection to
the affected surface.

Gabion structure for lining

The gabion also employed for lining the beds and banks of the
water cores
Maximum slope for the channel lining is1:1 or 1.5:1.
Advantages of gabions
1)Efficient
2)Permanent
3)Easy to construct
4)Economical

Special features which proves as advantages

1)It is flexible structure
2It is a permanent structure
3)It is a stable structure
4)It is a economical structure
Construction of gabion structure
Material required –
1.Galvanised wire

2.Hexagonal triple twisted mesh in the size ranging from 7.5to15cm

3.Wire no-8 gauge, less than10 gauge is not used

 Construction steps
1)Assembled each gabion unit by
binding there vertical edges with
the help of about 12-15 cm long
wire ties. it is good to make 5 ties
per metre height.

2) As per plane place, few empty

unit on position and tie them with
the adjacent boxes, using at lest 5
wire per metre.
3) With the help of standard fence
stretcher, stretch the box before
filling the stones, to provide
effective alignment after they
are tied together.

4)Filled the rocks into stretched

boxes and also insert connecting
in each cell. When the box is
filled by its 1/3 portion, the first
four wires, two in each direction
in each cell are placed. repeat the
procedure until the box is filled
by its2/3rd portion
Contd..

5.when filling operation of stones

to construct the gabion boxes has
been completed ,then tie the lid
from sides and the end portions.
A half meter long ‘pinch bar ’
can be used.
Computation of construction cost of gabion
parameter considered:

1.size of gabion box(length, width and depth)

2.capacity of box (m³)

3.area of wire mesh in each gabion (m²)

4.density of wire used (kg/m³)

5.cost of mesh construction (Rs/kg)

6.labour charge per box including construction cost of wire mesh.

7.cost of rock filling (Rs/m³)

computation procedure :

step(1): find out the area of mesh involved in each gabion box.

Step(2) : calculate the weight of wire needed per box. it is given as

weight= density of wire x area of mesh in each box.

Step(3) : calculate cost per box. it is obtained as:

weigh of box x cost.

step(4) : estimate labour charge per box including construction cost

of wire mesh, which is computed as:
labour charge x area of wire mesh of one gabion box.

step(5) : compute the cost of rock filling per 100m³ .

It is given as cost of rock filing x capacity of gabion.

Step(6) : find the total cost of construction which is the sum of Step(3),
Step(4) , Step(5).
 CASE STUDY : PERFORMANCE OF GULLY PLUG
STRUCTURE(GABION) IN BLACK CLAY SOIL.

D. H. RANADE, L. K. JAIN, S. K. VISHWAKARMA S.M

NARULKAR and A. S .TOMAR

AICRP On Dry land Agriculture, College of Agriculture , J .N. K.

V. V campus, Indore INDIA

Published in INDIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL CONSERVATION

Volume 29 -2001
INTRODUCTION
The study was carried out in the year 2000 to assess the cause
of failure in gully reclamation in the black soils of malwa
region of village pipliyatapha.
Gabions had been constructed in the lower reaches of river
gambhir under hingoia pipliyatapha watershed area during
the year 1991-92
The soils of experimental area are highly erodible(clay 55
percent).
The average annual rainfall of area is 958mm.
The total length of gully is found to be 216m in the year
2000(which was only 195m in the year1992).
MATERIALS AND METHODS

Two structures were constructed at vertical interval

of 2m i.e. at distance of 44m and 140m from gully
head.
It was observed that the gabion were constructed in
narrow sections of the gully in order to reduce cost
of construction.
It was also noticed that the height of the first
gabion was 1m but is increased to 2m in case of
second gabion.
SI No. Design of the existing structure Dimensions(m)
Structure -1 Structure-2
A Hydrological design details
i) Length of crest 3.00 2.65
•ii) Head over the crest 0.50 1.00
B) Hydraulic design details
i) Depth of cut-off wall 0.00 0.00
ii) Depth of head wall 1.00 2.00
iii) Length of head wall 1.00 1.00
extension(on one side)
Iv Depth of toe wall 0.00 0.00
V Length of apron 0.00 0.00
Vi Length of side wall 0.00 0.00
vii Length of wing wall 0.00 0.00

Solar Wonders, ©2007 Florida Solar Energy Center

DETAILS OF EXISTING GULLY PLUG STRUCTURES
It was observed that when runoff water entered
from the wider section to narrow section(3.00 to
2.65m width)
Its velocity increased tremendously an and crossed
the erosive velocity limit.
Instead of reclaiming the gully, it increased in
gully width and depth.
In this case the gully bed deepening up to 16m
(0.4m) from second structure while it was limited
to 9.50m(.73m)in the first structure.
 Results and discussion
even after structural failure, The head wall of
gabion remained at its location this indicates that
the gabion is very stable structure.

From the above study, it is observed that the

gabion structure should be constructed in a fairly
reasonable uniform section of gully instead of
narrow section.
SEDIMENT RETENTION BY GABION STRUCTURE IN
BUNGA WATERSHED

P.K. GOEL, J.S.SAMRA AND R.C. BANSAL

Central soil and water conservation research and training

institute, research centre, chandigarh.

Published in INDIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL

CONSERVATION Volume 24 -1996
INTRODUCTION
The cost of gabion construction is almost ½
to 2/3rd of the cement masonry( juyal et al.,1992).

 gabion structures have relatively long life (20-25

years) in comparison to cement masonry permanent
structure
STUDY AREA
 bunga-II watershed project area is located in bunga,
Ambala (Haryana) and situated at 30ᵒ 42’N latitude and 77ᵒ
10’ E longitude.
Average rainfall o area is 1100mm.
Eight crate wire stone check dams constructed in the
catchment of water harvesting dam of bunga-II watershed
project in ambala district of haryana were selected for the
assessment of their effectiveness in retaining sediment.
DESIGN DETAILS OF CRATE WIRE STONE CHECK DAM IN THE
CATCHMENT OF BUNG-II dam
Structure Capacity of the structure up Capacity lost in (cum)Percentag
Number To crest level(cum) e of
capacity
At the time After one After two One year Two year lost in two
Of(june199 year(1991) year(1992) years
1)
constructio
n
1 642.2 537.2 290.0 105.0 352.2 54.84
2 550.9 464.5 65.2 86.4 485.7 88.15
3 380.4 298.5 32.6 81.9 347.8 91.43
4 295.9 198.2 * 97.7 * *
5 207.5 200.3 164.3 7.2 43.2 20.81
6 1603.9 1132.2 837.0 471.7 766.9 47.81
7 543.3 425.3 315.2 118.0 228.1 41.98
8 134.6 112.2 43.7 22.4 85.9 63.81
Within a short span of two years, loss in retention capacity
of structures ranged from minimum 20.18 percent to
maximum 91.43pecent with average loss of 58.40 percent .
Out of eight structures under study, two(structure
number2&3)lost almost 90% of their capacity due to sediment
deposition
The detained sediment was found conducive supporting the
growth of vegetation which in tern further improved control of
erosion.
This indicate that the crate wire stone check dams are very
much effective in retaining the sediment which would have
found its way to reservoir resulting in loss of valuable storage
capacity.
REFERENCES

Text book of SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ENGINEERING by :

R. Suresh
Google images.

Ranade, D. H., Jain, L. K., Vishwakarma, S. K., Narulkar, S. M., Tomar, S.

M., 2001, performance of gully plug structure(gabion) in black clay soil
region-A case study. indian journal of soil conservation 29 (1):88-90

Goel, P. K., Samra, J. S., Bansal, R.C., 1996,sediment retention by gabion

structure in bunga watershed. indian journal of soil conservation 27
(2):107-110
Gabion s are used as :-

Gully control structure

As wellas decoration purposes.
 Thank you

Thank you

Thank you