PAPER PRESENTATION ON

“REVIEW OF FRICTION STIR WELDING”

PRESENTED BY
SHAILENDRA ARJUNWADE 2KD16ME439
MANJUNATH SANGOLLI 2KD15ME039
CONTENTS

■ Introduction
■ Objectives
■ Methodology
■ Working Procedure
■ Advantages
■ Disadvantages & Applications
■ Conclusion
■ References
INTRODUCTION

■ During the nineties of the last century a new method of joining similar
and dissimilar materials in the solid state without melting of material,
known as friction stir welding - FSW is developed.
■ The process is patented by The Welding Institute - TWI in England in
1991, and invented by Wayne M. Thomas who has successfully joined
plates of aluminum alloys . It is primarily used to join plates of larger
thickness.
■ Tools that are used in the process of welding are cylindrical and consisted
of two concentric parts, which are rotating at the great speed.
OBJECTIVES

■ To determine the optimum welding parameters to achieve the highest

ultimate tensile strength for welded joint.
■ To determine the hardness of welded joint for range of process
parameters.
■ To determine the fatigue behavior of FSW joint.
METHODOLOGY

■ Analyse the bar material properties

■ Prepare the weld specimen
■ Conduct the experiment
■ Characterize the welded joints
■ Analyse the process parameters of FSW joints
■ conclusion
 WORKING PROCEDURE

■ Friction stir welding works on same principle of friction welding. In this process,
friction is used to generate heat at interface surface.
■ A high pressure force applied at these mating surfaces which accelerates metal
diffusion process and form a metal to metal joint.
■ In friction stir welding, a rotating tool is used to applied friction and pressure
force at the plates.
■ This tool rotates at its own axis and move longitudinally at the plates interface
which generates heat by friction between rotating tool and work piece.
■ This heat deformed the interface surface and diffuses the two piece of work piece into
one another by applying a high pressure force.

Fig. frictions stir welding Process

Material
■ The materials used for this investigation are aluminum alloys AA6351 and
AA5083 of size 150 X 60X 5 mm.
Tool Material Characteristics
■ Selecting the correct tool material requires knowing which material
characteristics are important for each friction stir application.
1)Tool Steels
FSW literature is on aluminum alloys, which are easily friction stirred with tool
steels.
2)Tool Design
Heat generation rate, traverse force, torque and the thermo mechanical environment
experienced by the tool geometry.
a. Shoulder Diameter
b. Shoulder Surface
c. Pin (Probe) Geometry

Fig .Tool Steel

Mechanical Properties
It is now known that properties following FSW are a function of both controlled and
uncontrolled variables as well as external boundary conditions. For example,
investigators have now illustrated that post weld properties can be a function of:
1. Tool travel speed
2. Tool rotation rate
3. Tool design
4. Tool tilt
5. Material thickness
6. Alloy composition
7. Initial material temper
8. Cooling rate
ADVANTAGES

1 Metallurgical
■ Absence of cracking, No loss of alloying elements during process, Excellent
metallurgical properties of the weld joint.
2 Environmental
■ Eliminate grinding wastes, Shielding gas not required, No surface cleaning
requisite, No Consumable materials required, such as rugs, wire or any other
gases.
3 Safety
■ No welding arc or fumes, No UV-radiations
4 Mechanical Characteristics
■ High weld strength and toughness, Minimal distortion of the joined parts.
 DISADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS

Disadvantages
■ Work pieces must be rigidly clamped
■ Slower traverse rate than fusion welding
Applications
■ Aerospace Industry
■ Railway Industry
■ Shipbuilding and Marine Industries
■ Construction Industry
■ Other Industry Sectors
CONCLUSION

■ FSW is the best process to welding of different alloys of aluminum for

long lengths with an excellent quality. Considerable effort is being made
to weld higher temperature materials such as alloys of magnesium,
titanium and steels by using FSW. Take the process beyond its current use
of mainly simple butt and lap joint configurations and make it a much
more flexible fabrication process.
REFERENCES

1. Review on friction stir welding of magnesium alloys ,Kulwant Singh,

Gurbhinder Singh, Harmeet SinghI. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University,
Kapurthala, Punjab, India Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab,
India Received 16 May 2018; received in revised form 27 June 2018;
accepted 28 June 2018
2. Research And Analysis Of Friction Stirwelding Parameters On
Aluminium Alloys(6082-T6) Vukčević Milan, Plančak Miroslav, Janjić
Mileta, Šibalić NikolaUniversity of Montenegro, Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering Podgorica, Monteneg.