REPRESENTATIVE composition and morphologyCALCIUM

SILCATE INCLUSIONS Fe 16%Cr-14Ni% stainless steel

• 2(MgO) slag or refractory +[si] = (siO2) slag or
inclusion +[Mg]
• [Mg] +[O] =(MgO) inclusion

• 2(Al2O3) refractory +[si]=3(SiO2) slag or

inclusion +4[Al]

• 2[Al]+3[O]=(Al2O3)inclusion
• The content of MgO and Al2O3 in the calcium
silicate inclusions continuously increases as
the steel melts transfer from AOD converter to
LT processes which is corresponding to
reduction phenomena of MgO and Al2O3 in
the slag or refractories by silicon in the steel
melts
• Increase in the content of MgO and Al2O3 are
predominant at tundish samples. Thus the
spinel phase is crystallised in the silicate
matrix at this stage and finally the spinel
crystals grow during cooling of steel melts
through cc mold and slabs. This is based on
the following spinel formation reaction
• MgO +Al2O3 = MgAl2O4 (s)
 Manganese silicate inclusion
• Manganese silicate inclusions are formed due
to a reoxidation of molten steel during tapping
of steel from AOD to ladle . During tapping the
inclusions are composed of MnCr2O4 solid
solution containing small amounts of SiO2 and
a glass manganese silicate matrix due to a
reoxidation of of chromium , manganese and
silicon in the air
Formation mechanism of inclusions in containing spinel
crystals during Fe16%cr-14%Ni stainless steel