Presented by

CLINTON PETER PEREIRA

VINU P.S
 “VISCOSITY OF
DIFFERENT LIQUIDS”
• one of the main thermophysical properties
and it has great significance for many scientific
and industrial areas.

• When real fluids flow, they have a certain amount

of internal friction called viscosity.

• The greater the intermolecular forces the more is

the viscosity.

• fluid friction is due to force between neighbouring

layers of the fluid that are moving at
different velocities .
A liquid's viscosity depends on the size and
shape of its particles and the attractions between
the particles.
Temperature and Pressure plays a vital role in a
Fluid’s Viscosity.

Viscosity depends upon;

1. surface area of the liquid layer
2. Its distance from the stationary layer
3. Its velocity with respect to the stationary layer
Fluid particle that follows exactly the same path a
predecessor . Then the flow is said to be stream

Streamline flow is maintained only so long as the

a certain limiting value called the critical velocity

When the fluid exceeds the critical value ,the flow

turbulent.
The velocity of flow of a fluid at
which the streamline flow changes
into turbulent flow is called critical
velocity
Critical velocity depends o the
coefficient of viscosity and density of
the liquid and the radius of the
tube .
The tangential force acting on a unit
area of the fluid layer in a region of
unit velocity gradient normal to the
layer.
Its unit is Newton’s/square metre/unit
velocity gradient (NSm-2 ).
Poiseuille’s Formula
To derive his equation’s he made certain assumptions
They are,

 Flow of liquid must be streamline and parallel to the axis of the tube.

 There is no radial flow.

 Velocity of the fluid layer increases towards the axis of the tube.

 The tube is to be horizontal.

The volume of the liquid flowing through the tube per second,
When a fluids moves slowly, its flow is orderly and we call it
LAMINAR FLOW, represented by STREAMLINES:

Streamlines close to the sides of the edge of the flow

will indicate slower velocity, as there is more friction
with the sides. The fastest flow is in the centre.
Velocity of fluid does not exceeds the critical velocity.

Capillary tube must be of very small bore.

Liquid should flow very slowly(almost trickle in drops).

The capillary tube should be horizontal.

Viscosity decreases with increases of temperature
in liquids

Viscosity increases with the increase of pressure

That is; η α 1
T
ŋ α P
 The main components are;
burette without the stop cock , capillary tube ,
a rubber tube with a pinch clip and the stop clock

 The length (l ) of the capillary tube is measured.

 Burette is filled with the liquid
 The corresponding liquid level is measured inorder
to find their heights
 The pinch clip is opened and liquid is allowed to
flow out
 The taken for the liquid level to fall from corresponding
levels is measured
Average pressure head(h) = h1+h2/2

Coefficient of viscosity; ŋ=
1) One limb dip into beaker of water

2) The other end to the beaker containing liquid.

3) Air is sucked out through rubber tube .

4) Heights measured and relative density calculated.

R.D = h1/h2

Density of liquid = R.D × Density of water

 1. Water is poured through one limb.

2. The other limb with the lighter liquid.

3. Until common level is above the bend

4. Heights are measured.

R.D = h1/h2

Density of liquid = R.D × Density of water

 In bee keeping

 To reduce friction and wear and tear on engine components,

particularly engine pistons.

 In our body.

 It is a key factor when fluids are transported or pumped.

 It determines the flow rate of many applications such as

printing and spraying
•Excessive heat generation resulting in oil oxidation, sludge and varnish build-up.

•Gaseous cavitations due to inadequate oil flow to pumps and bearings.

•Lubrication starvation due to inadequate oil flow

•Excess energy consumption to overcome fluid friction