THERMODYNAMICS

SEM 1

1
 Objectives

• Introduce the concepts of refrigerators and heat pumps

and the measure of their performance.
• Analyze the ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.
• Analyze the actual vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.
• Review the factors involved in selecting the right
refrigerant for an application.

2
REFRIGERATORS
The transfer of heat from a low-
temperature region to a high-
temperature one requires special devices

called refrigerators.

Refrigerators are cyclic device,

and the working fluids used in the
refrigeration cycles are called
refrigerants.
3
HEAT PUMPS

Another device that transfers

heat from a low-temperature medium to

a high-temperature one is the heat

pump.

Refrigerators and heat pumps are

essentially the same devices; they differ
in their objectives only.

4
REFRIGERATORS AND HEAT PUMPS
-The objective of a refrigerator is to
remove heat (QL) from the cold medium.

-The objective of a heat pump is to

supply heat (QH) to a warm medium.

for fixed values of QL and QH

5
 The cooling capacity of a refrigeration system – is
the rate of heat removal from the refrigeration space – is
often expressed in terms of ton of refrigeration.

The capacity of a refrigeration system that can

freeze 1 ton of liquid water at 0 °C into ice at 0 °C in 24 h is
said to be 1 ton.