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1. Introduce the concepts of refrigerators and heat pumps and the measure of their performance. 2. Evaluate the maximum possible coefficient of performance for refrigerators and heat pumps based on the reversed Carnot cycle. 3. Analyze the ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. 4. Analyze the actual vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.
COP
Cooling Effect QL COPR Work Input Wnet, in COPHP Heating Effect QH Work Input Wnet, in
COPHP COPR 1
Tons of Refrigeration One ton of refrigeration is equivalent to 211 kJ/min or 200 Btu/min
Consider a reversed Carnot cycle executed within the saturation dome of a refrigerant
COPR, Carnot
1 TH TL 1 1 1 TL TH
COPHP, Carnot
In practice, the reversed Carnot cycle is not a suitable model for refrigeration cycles Processes 23 and 41 (isentropic processes) cannot be approximated closely in practice Process 23 involves the compression of a liquid-vapor mixture Process 41 involves the expansion of a highmoisture-content refrigerant through a turbine
COPHP
wnet, in wcomp, in qH qL
Problem 1-1
A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid and operates on an ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle between 0.12 and 0.7 MPa. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 0.05 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to the saturation lines. Determine (a) The rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to the compressor (b) The rate of heat rejection to the environment (c) The coefficient of performance
Problem 1-2
Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated vapor at 0.14 MPa and 10 oC at a rate of 0.12 kg/s, and it leaves at 0.7 MPa and 50 oC. The refrigerant is cooled in the condenser to 24 oC and 0.65 MPa, and it is throttled to 0.15 MPa. Disregarding any heat transfer and pressure drops in the connecting lines between the components, show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to the saturation lines, and determine (a) The rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input to the compressor (b) The isentropic efficiency of the compressor (c) The coefficient of performance of the refrigerator
Problem 1-3
A heat pump using refrigerant-134a heats a house by using underground water at 8 oC as the heat source. The house is losing heat at a rate of 60,000 kJ/h. The refrigerant enters the compressor at 280 kPa and 0 oC, and it leaves at 1 MPa and 60 oC. The refrigerant exits the condenser at 30 oC. Determine (a) The power input to the heat pump (b) The rate of heat absorption from the water (c) The increase in electric power input if an electric resistance heater is used instead of a heat pump