TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OPERATION

(WIDE AREA APPLICATIONS)

PRESENTED BY
S. VARUN NAIDU(2016103155)
SAURABH SINGH (2016103156)
 INTRODUCTIO
N
Excessive power flows in transmission circuits and large variations in
busbar voltages may arise so that when faults and network outages
occur, they can lead to system collapse.
In order to protect the Transmission System, Operator needs to
monitor, control, and optimise the performance of generation and
transmission systems.
The monitoring and control functions are often provided by
SCADA(Supervisory control and data Acquisition).

References

http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/31086.pdf
 PMU
Wide Area Visualization
(Phasor Applications Tools
Measurement Units)

• PMU’s Measure the magnitude and phase angles of the voltage and current at
high sample Rate ,i.e 1200 samples per second with high Accuracy.
• Wide Area Applications Related to the Equipment That installed on the
Transmission lines to supplement the data to the SCADA control centre.
• It provides an intuitive way to express the large quantity of complex data so that
control engineers can respond to system emergencies and contingencies in the
short time that is available.
 WIDE AREA MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS(WAMS)

 Digital Fault Recorder (DFR) : It records highly accurate waveforms related to

faults.
 Digital Protective Relay: Relays have been designed to isolate the area of faults
and reduce the impacts of the faults from other parts of the system
 Circuit Breaker Monitoring: The Circuit Breaker Monitor (CBM) is an electronic
device that monitors circuit breakers. The CBM captures detailed information
about each CB operation in real time
 The Information will be collected from those Wide Area measurement systems
 Magnitude and phase angle of busbar voltages as well as current flows through
transmission circuits.
 This information is transmitted to control centre and it is used for
1. Power system state estimation
2. Power system monitoring and warning
3. Power system event analysis
Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) system
 To initiate actions to correct the system once a voltage, angle or oscillatory
instability has been predicted
 This may include switching of generators and controlling devices
 To generate emergency control signals
 through selective shedding of load or temporary splitting of the network in the
event of a severe fault.
 Simplified Representation of WAMPAC system
• When an event occurs, its location, time, magnitude and type are first identified.
• Real-time visualization of the event allows it to be replayed several seconds after it
occurs
• An on-line stability assessment algorithm continuously assesses the system to
check whether the system is still stable and how quickly the system would collapse
if it became unstable.
• If instability is predicted ,then the necessary corrective actions to correct the
problem or to avert system collapse are taken.
 On-line transient stability controller

 This controller is used to trip certain number of generating units when a fault
occurs on extra high voltage transmission lines (500 kV and 275kV) in order to
prevent transient instability.
 Using PMU data and results from the state estimator, transient stability analysis is
carried out repeatedly
 The generator units to be shed if a fault occurs are determined.
 After a fault occurs, the fault is compared with those of the contingencies
identified pre-fault and it determines the generator units to be shed.
 Then a signal is sent to the local control units to shed the identified generator
units.
 Functions of on-line Transient Stability Controller