Pengantar

Patofisiologi
Introduction
What is pathophysiology?

 A subject to explore the rule of origin and

evolution of disease processes and the
fundamental mechanisms.
Difference from Physiology

Also named:
 Physiopathology
 Physiology of Disease
 Physiology of Disordered Function
Difference from Pathology

 Pathology emphasizes the structural changes

 Pathophysiology focuses on the functional
and metabolic alterations and
the mechanisms
Why is Pathophysiology Important?
 As a bridge not between the basic science
and diseases but various basic sciences .
 Enabling the students, clinicians and other
practitioners to understand why and how
diseases develop and various
clinical manifestations appear,
and what are the fundamental
mechanisms.
Major Points in Learning Pathophysiology

 The general concepts

 The etiology and pathogenesis

 The alterations in metabolism and functions

 The principles for the prevention and therapies

Conspectus of
Disease
Concept of Disease
 Disease is referred as aberrant manifestation
of deregulated homeostasis caused by
harmful agents.
 The development of a disease is definitely a
pathologic process with a characteristic set of
signs and symptoms involved in the whole
body or any of its parts.
Concept of Health
 Health is the state of the organism when it functions
optimally without evidence of disease.
 The definition of health from WHO:
Health indicates not only without any
evidence of disease, but also a state of
complete well-being physically,
psychologically and socially.
Etiology of disease

 Etiology is used to study the causative agents

including microorganisms, environmental,
social factors and personal habits as
contributing factors that causes disease.
 Answer the question why
disease happens.
Etiological factors

Extrinsic Factors
 Biological agents
 Chemical agents
 Physical agents
 Nutritional imbalance
Etiological factors
Intrinsic Factors
 Genetic factors
 Congenital factors
 Immunological factors
 Psychological factors
Pathogenesis of disease

 Disruption of homeostasis
 Process of damage and anti-damage
 Reversal role of cause and result
 Correlation between systemic and local
regulations
Outcome of disease

 Complete recovery
 Incomplete recovery
 Death
Thanks