PATOLOGI, PATOBIOLOGI

DAN PATOFISIOLOGI
JOKO SUWITO
RUTE NORMAL

RUTE TIDAK NORMAL

FISIOLOGIS

PATOLOGIS
FISIOLOGIS
PATOLOGIS
KUNING
Terminology
Pathology:
The study of the structural and functional changes leading to
disease in:
• Cell
• Tissue
• Organs

Pathophysiology:
Is the abnormal function of organs or systems due to disease
Tools :
• Molecular
• Microbiological
• Immunological
• Morphological
Terminology
Pathology is divided
• General

• Special or systemic

General pathology:

Basic reaction of cells and tissue to normal stimuli

Specific pathology:

Specific response special organs to well defined stimuli

Four aspects of disease process

1. Aetiology
2. Pathogenesis
3. Morphological changes
4. Clinical significance
1.Aetiology(Cause )

⚫ A) Determining cause
⚫ Specifically known to be the soul cause of disease such
pathogenic organism e.g. HIV

⚫ B) Predisposing causes
⚫ Leading indirectly to disease such as genetic predisposition
2.Pathogenesis

⚫ Is the mechanism by which a certain aetiological factor

causes disease (In Greek: pathos = disease, genesis =
development).
⚫ Some forms of pathogenesis are:
⚫ Inflammation
⚫ Malignancy
⚫ Tissue breakdown
2.Pathogenesis
⚫ The pathogenesis process leads to the formation of lesion

⚫ Lesion is derived from the Latin word "laesio" which means "injury."

⚫ Lesions are a result of damage to tissues. For example:

⚫ A cancerous tumor is an example of a lesion

⚫ The surrounding tissue damaged by a tumour is also termed a lesion.

3.Morphological changes

⚫ Are the changes that occur in the cell tissue or

organ as a result of the pathological process

⚫ These changes can be Morbid:

⚫ Macroscopic appearance visible to the naked eye
3.Morphological changes
⚫ Are the changes that occur in the cell tissue or
organ as a result of the pathological process

⚫ Or Histological :
⚫ Microscopic appearance only visible under the
microscope
4.Clinical significance

⚫ What impact do these changes have on the patient?

Progression of a disease

⚫ Complete cure

⚫ Death

⚫ Complication
⚫ Additional pathological changes which may occur during or
after the course of any disease
Pathological investigation

⚫ During life
⚫ Surgical biopsy
⚫ Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)

⚫ Cytopathology

⚫ Molecular techniques

⚫ After death
⚫ Autopsy
PATHOLOGY
Pathology (general pathology) :
• is the study of (the mechanisms of ) disease (with emphasis on
aetiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, morphology changes and
sign - symptoms),

Systematic pathology :
• is the study of diseases as they occur within particular organ systems –
it involves aetiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, macro and
microscopic appearance, specific diagnost ic features, natural history
and sequelae.
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY / PHYSIOPATHOLOGY

is a convergence
• Konvergensi of pathology
patologi with physiology.
dengan fisiologi.
• Patologi
Pathology adalah disiplin medis
is the medical yangthat
discipline menggambarkan kondisi
describes conditions
yang
typicallybiasanya
observeddiamatiduring selama
a disease keadaan
state, whereas
penyakit,
physiology is fisiologi
sedangkan the biological
adalah discipline
disiplin that describes
biologis yang
processes or mechanisms
menggambarkan proses operating within anyang
atau mekanisme organism.
beroperasi
Pathology
• dalam describes the abnormal or undesired condition,
organisme.
whereas pathophysiology
Patologi menggambarkan seeks to explain
kondisi the physiological
abnormal atau tidak
processes orsedangkan
diinginkan, mechanismspatofisiologi
whereby such condition
berusaha develops
menjelaskan
and progresses.
proses fisiologis atau mekanisme dimana kondisi dan
perkembangan tersebut berkembang dan berlanjut.
MERAH
FISIOLOGI
PATOLOGI
 LEVELING PEMBAHASAN

3
2

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LEVEL APA ?
LEVEL APA ?
Terminology
Pathology:
The study of the structural and functional changes
leading to disease in:
• Cell
• Tissue
• Organs

Pathophysiology:
Is the abnormal function of organs or systems due to disease
Tools :
• Molecular
• Microbiological
• Immunological
• Morphological
Terminology
Pathology is divided
• General

• Special or systemic

General pathology:

Basic reaction of cells and tissue to normal stimuli

Specific pathology:

Specific response special organs to well defined stimuli

 FOUR ASPECTS OF DISEASE PROCESS

1.Aetiology
2.Pathogenesis
3.Morphological changes
4.Clinical significance
 1.AETIOLOGY(CAUSE )
• A) Determining cause
• Specifically known to be the soul cause of disease such
pathogenic organism e.g. HIV

• B) Predisposing causes
• Leading indirectly to disease such as genetic
predisposition
 2. PATHOGENESIS
• Is the mechanism by which a certain aetiological
factor causes disease (In Greek: pathos = disease,
genesis = development).
• Some forms of pathogenesis are:
• Inflammation
• Malignancy
• Tissue breakdown
 2. PATHOGENESIS
• The pathogenesis process leads to the formation of lesion

• Lesion is derived from the Latin word "laesio" which means

"injury."

• Lesions are a result of damage to tissues. For example:

• A cancerous tumor is an example of a lesion

• The surrounding tissue damaged by a tumour is also termed a

lesion.
 3.MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES
• Are the changes that occur in the cell tissue or
organ as a result of the pathological process

• These changes can be Morbid:

• Macroscopic appearance visible to the naked eye
 3.MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES
• Are the changes that occur in the cell tissue or
organ as a result of the pathological process

• Or Histological :
• Microscopic appearance only visible under the
microscope
 4.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

•What impact do these changes have on

the patient?

•Impact on Nursing Problems