UNIT-3

BEGINNING OF SOCIAL
 HISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK -WORLD
 The roots of social work education can be traced to their
international beginnings
 in Britain and some countries in Europe towards the end
of the 19"'century.
 From Europe, the profession spread to United States,
Africa, Asia and South America
 1899-The Amsterdam Institute of Social
Work Training is credited to be the first two-year training
programme with theory and practice.
 Women's University Settlement established in 1887
in London by women graduates of Oxford and Cambridge.
The training pioneered by this group evolved into
organized courses, and ultimately, into professional
education for social work.
1903 - the Alice Salomon School of Social Work,
Germany
1904 - Mary Richmond- the New York School of
Philanthropy
1920-Chicago School of Social Service
Administration, the First autonomous
graduate
School of social work within a university.

1925-South America-Alejandro del Rio School of

Social Work, offered a two-year programme.

1932-The first institution was a three-year

diploma at the Cape Town and Transvaal
University College. The first degree course was
established at the University of Stellenbosch

1922-The first institution to be established In

Asia was the Department of Sociology and
Social Work, Yenching University

1936 - first school of Social Work in Asia goes

to Tata
 HISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION IN INDIA

The first training course for social work as claimed by University Grants Commission
(Social Work in Education in Indian Universities, 1965) was organized by Social
Science League in Bombay in 1920. This was a short-term course meant for voluntary
workers engaged in welfare work.

The first professional institution that provided training for a career in social work was
established in 1936 in Bombay. The genesis of social work education in India has its roots
in this establishment of Sir Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work (later known as
Tata Institute of Social Sciences).

After Independence, Kashi Vidyapeeth, Varanasi and College of Social Service,

Gujarat Vidyapeeth, Ahmedabad were established in 1947;

In 1948, Delhi School of Social Work, (DSSW) came under auspices of North YWCA of India
with assistance from Foreign Division of American YWCA. It is the pioneer institution offering
two years post graduate course leading to Master's degree.

In 1949, University of Delhi granted affiliation and took up management of School in 1961.
The first school as part of the University was established in Baroda in 1949-50 and
Department of Social Work, Lucknow University was established in 1949.

Madras School of Social Work(l952) arid others were-established across the

length and breadth Of the country
SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION

CURRICULUM
FIELD WORK
SUPERVISION
 CURRICULUM
The course of study for Master of Social Work (MSW) extends over
two academic years.

Each academic year is divided into two semesters. The first two
semesters will have common theory papers and field work. The
third and fourth semesters will have, besides the common
theory papers, specialization and elective theory papers, field
work in respective areas of specialization and research project.

The nucleus of Social Work Education is the Field Work Programme

which is a fundamental component of the curriculum. The
fieldwork practicum is the central mechanism for transmitting
theoretical knowledge into the practical level of work.

Each student is expected to do a research project during the

course of study. The research project work will be started in the
third semester and continued till the fourth semester. The final
report is submitted at the end of the fourth semester for
valuation. The student will do a dissertation of the research thesis
and appear for the viva on the research project.

The Block Field Work after the fourth semester examinations is

compulsory for the completion of the MSW course.

The students will organize and participate in a rural camp during

the first year and a study tour during the second year.
 THE UNIQUENESS OF THIS MSW PROGRAM
Utilizing the concept, “world is a family which is derived from
the oldest living language in this universe, Sanskrit.

Focusing on the latest knowledge dissemination, application,

integration and creation by enriching the five senses of the
students.

Developing a new genre of professional social workers, driven

by timeless human values, equipped with the best of knowledge
and skills and committed to serve all types of people and
nature with love, trust, tolerance, humility.

Exploring the frontiers of scientific Social Work thought

extending it further for the service of humanity.

Cherishing, uploading, nurturing and living by the best of the

social values.

Learning to listen to people with deep understanding and

sensitivity.
SUBJECT FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION

The social work curriculum has been dynamic and

changing with the emerging concerns in the era
of Globalization. The curriculum addresses the
causes of exclusion, poverty and marginalization
and ways of altering structures while responding
to the conditions of poverty and deprivation. The
M.S.W Programme is designed to equip the
students with sound theoretical knowledge about
social work, social welfare and development
concerns of the poor, and help the students to
develop skills and insights into working with
people at the individual, group and community
levels, and their representatives, and network
with other groups and professionals working on
similar issues. They have been given exposure to
work with all sectors of populations such as
children, youth, women, elderly, Dalits, and
people with disabilities.
 FIELD WORK
Concurrent Field Work is an integral part of total programme of
training in Social Work. Field Work Programme consists of
observation visits to the agencies, institutions and community
settings, rural camp, study tour and direct practice of social work
skills for intervention under the guidance of professional social
workers in selected placements. Such placements provide an
opportunity to the learner to apply theory to practice and gain
first hand experience. Therefore field work in each semester is
compulsory in this programme and a student is expected to have
100 percent attendance. Any shortage should be compensated.
In the first semester the field work training would also consist of
observational visits, lab sessions, skill based training and
placement. In all other semesters, ideally 2 working days per
week shall be set aside for concurrent field work of 15 hours per
week. Each semester shall have a minimum of 24 days of
concurrent field work spread over 12 weeks.
The student is required to submit the report on the field work
and the field work diary, before the commencement of classes
on the first day of class following the field work days. At the end
of the fourth semester examinations the student is required to
do a block placement of 30 days.
 EVALUATION OF FIELD WORK
i. In-Semester Assessment 40 marks:

The following components are considered:

 Attendance at the field or agency

 Activities carried out
 Methods practiced
 Field work report
 Critical Assessment
 Professional growth
EVALUATION OF FIELD WORK
ii. End-Semester Examination 60 marks :

Viva Voce: 10-15 minutes per student

The following components are considered:-
 Field Work Report
 Achievements
 Communication
 Contribution
 Skills
 Practical Knowledge
 Methods practiced
 Programmes implemented
 Attitude
 Professional confidence
 SUPERVISION
Supervision is the basis of practice learning. The objective of
supervision is to guide a student to acquire social work skills
and attitudes required for the profession and to relate field
practice to knowledge acquired in the classroom. This
objective is achieved by placing the students under the
supervision of a teacher in the Department as well as a
trained social worker in the agency. The guided supervision
through individual and group conferences on specified days
and timings helps a student grow as a better professional.

The supervisor’s primary task in the beginning is to make

the student feel comfortable and apprise him/her briefly of
the social work values and skills. At the onset of the
supervisor-supervisee relations. The supervisor must make
some assessment of the student’s ability for social work
intervention and his/her individual assets, which create
suitable learning opportunities and environment.
The Supervisor must strive to:

 Help create a non-intimidating and non-authoritarian ambience of

learning which help the student raise his/her queries and participate in
the discussion
 Help the student develop the capability to critically examine issues and
instances from the field
 Assist the student develops maturity in dealing with difficult situations
and circumstances and learn to appreciate and respect multiplicity and
diversity of communities and culture
 Help him/her grow as professional social worker, conscious of the
requirements of the profession and develop capability to manage
situations independently
 Help the student to present and discuss his/her views, feelings and
proposed action in a democratic manner and setting
 Provide feedback to the students about their performance
 Encourage debates on the alternative courses of action and help the
student to take appropriate decisions
 Enable the student to develop an agenda of self-directed life long
learning for personal and professional development for a career in the
profession of social work including continuing social Work Education
 Arrange periodic meetings with agency supervisor wherein the proposed
course of action by the student is discussed and an affirmative response
is obtained from the agency.
 Provide guidelines to the student on his/her records. It should be seen
that the records should not reflect merely the diary or chronological
recording of the time spent in the field. While commenting upon the gaps
in recording, insight on the nature of improvement to be made by the
student may be discussed.
 AGENCY SUPERVISOR
Agency Supervisor should preferably be trained social worker.
He/She should;

 Provide an overview of the agency, its aims, objectives, policies and

programmes and limitations to the students placed under his/her
supervisions
 Plan out students work programme along with Department Supervisor so
as to maximize students learning.
 Provide on the spot guidance to facilitate learning of the student.
 Provide appropriate intervention in the event of the students facing
problem’s viz agency’s procedural routines, relationship with other staff
members etc.
 Agency Supervisor provides students with adequate and scheduled time
(on a weekly basis) to discuss students problem and progress
 Agency Supervisor provides the students with a place to sit and keep
his/her field work files/records.
 Agency Supervisor insists on submission of weekly fieldwork reports by
students. They should be advised to go through them and give their
comments.
 The Agency supervisor should ensure that log sheets reflect and actual
work and fieldwork hours being put in by the student. Only log sheets
which have been duly filled in by the students should be signed by the
agency supervisor on regular basis.
 Agency Supervisor should keep a check on the students’ regularity and
punctuality. Some system of ensuring this (attendance register) could be
worked out by the agency supervisor and should feel free to contact the
Department Supervisor.
 Unit -3
ATTRIBUTES OF A
PROFESSION
 CONCEPTS

 Attributes of a profession are not fixed but

rather evolve as society’s need for and
definition of professions change in
response to changing social conditions and
values (Humphreys and Dinerman, 1984).
 Professionalism refers to the degree to
which an individual possesses and utilizes
the knowledge skills and qualifications of a
profession and adheres to its values and
ethics when serving the client (Barker,
1987).
 CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES
Greenwood (1981) identified three essential attributes of a profession:
cognitive, monopolistic and normative. The following characteristics
of a profession can be considered as derivatives of these basic
attributes:

Cognitive

1. A systematic body of theories and knowledge

2. Formal education in universities
3. Growth in specialization

Normative

1. A code of ethical standard with an enforcement mechanism

2. Professional associations

Monopolistic

1. Professional authority
2. Sanction from the society
 PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
1.The professional relationship is formed for
a joint / shared vision / goals (purpose)
and not as an end in itself.
2. In professional relationships the social
workers devote themselves to the interest
of their clients and the needs and
aspirations of other people, rather than
their own interests.
3. The professional relationship is based on
objectivity and self-awareness which allow
the social workers to step outside of their
own personal troubles and emotional
needs and to be sensitive to the needs of
others (Pincus and Minahan, 1973)
 PROFESSIONALISATION OF SOCIAL WORK
Normative Attributes

Social Work Values and Ethics

Meaning of Ethics:
Ethics is a system of moral
principles and perceptions about
right versus wrong and the
resulting philosophy of conduct that
is practiced by an individual, group,
profession or culture.
 This code lists the following broad ethical principles based
on social work’s core values:

1. Value: Service
Ethical Principle: Social workers’ primary goal is
to help people in need and to address social
problems.

2. Value: Social Justice

Ethical Principle: Social workers challenge social
injustice.

3. Value: Dignity and Worth of the Person

Ethical Principle: Social Workers respect the
inherent dignity and worth of the person.

4. Value: Importance of Human Relationships

Ethical Principle: Social workers recognize the
central importance of human relationships
 Social Work’s Core Values…continues…..
5. Value: Integrity
Ethical Principle: Social workers behave in a trustworthy
manner.
6. Value: Competence
Ethical Principle: Social workers practice within their areas of
competence and develop and enhance their professional
expertise.

Cognitive Attributes:
Hollis and Taylor (1951) rejected the idea widely held by social
workers at that time that casework, group work and community
organizations are social work specializations. They observed the need for
social work specializations to be characterized by functions and not by
agency setting. In specializations by functions they included advance
practice, administration, supervision, teaching and research. Such
specializations require social workers to explore the whole field of social
work from the chosen approach.
 ETHICAL DILEMMAS
Each state in the US has licensing, registration
and statutory certification laws developed to
regulate the practice of social work profession.
The ethical dilemmas, which social workers face
in their work, are summarized by Reamer (2001)
into three categories as follows:
1. Services provided to individuals, families and
small groups or direct practice face the issues of
confidentiality and privacy
2. Social workers in social policy positions may
encounter ethical dilemmas concerning the
allocation of limited resources
3. Ethical dilemmas with reference to social
workers’ relationships with their colleagues
include situations where social workers
encounter unethical conduct or wrongdoing
engaged in be colleagues.
 Unit-3

SOCIAL WORK
PROFESSIONAL
ASSOCIATIONS
1.Council on Social Work Education
(CSWE)
The Council on Social Work Education
(CSWE) was set up in 1952, to set
standards under which undergraduate and
graduate social work educational
institutions function and is the accrediting
body for these institutions. All states with
social work licensing require applicants to
be graduates of schools accredited by
CSWE. CSWE publishes the Journal of
Social Work Education. In 1955, a National
Association of Social Workers (NASW) was
set up through the merger of seven
organizations. The NASW is the
cornerstone of social work profession in
the USA.
 2. National Association of Social Workers (NASW)

 The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) is the

largest membership organization of professional social
workers in the world, with 150,000 members. NASW works
to enhance the professional growth and development of its
members, to create and maintain professional standards,
and to advance sound social policies. The mission of the
social work profession is rooted in a set of core values.

NASW –CORE VALUES

These core values, embraced by social workers throughout
the profession's history, are the foundation of social work's
unique purpose and perspective:

 SERVICE
 SOCIAL JUSTICE
 DIGNITY AND WORTH OF THE PERSON
 IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
 INTEGRITY
 COMPETENCE.
 NASW Code of Ethics
Professional ethics are at the core of social work. The profession has an
obligation to articulate its basic values, ethical principles, and ethical standards.
The NASW Code of Ethics sets forth these values, principles, and standards to
guide social workers' conduct. The Code is relevant to all social workers and
social work students, regardless of their professional functions, the settings in
which they work, or the populations they serve.

The NASW Code of Ethics serves six purposes:

 The Code identifies core values on which social work's mission is based.
 The Code summarizes broad ethical principles that reflect the
profession's core values and establishes a set of specific ethical
standards that should be used to guide social work practice.
 The Code is designed to help social workers identify relevant
considerations when professional obligations conflict or ethical
uncertainties arise.
 The Code provides ethical standards to which the general public can
hold the social work profession accountable.
 The Code socializes practitioners new to the field to social work's
mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards.
 The Code articulates standards that the social work profession itself
can use to assess whether social workers have engaged in unethical
conduct. NASW has formal procedures to adjudicate ethics complaints
filed against its members.* In subscribing to this Code, social workers
are required to cooperate in its implementation, participate in NASW
adjudication proceedings, and abide by any NASW disciplinary rulings
or sanctions based on it.
3.International Association of Schools of Social Work,
IASSW
IASSW was founded in 1928 at the First International Conference of
Social Work, held in Paris. It was initially comprised of 51 schools,
mostly in Europe, and was known as the International Committee.
Revitalized after World War II, the organization expanded its
membership to include a wider range of countries and was renamed
the International Association of Schools of Social Work. The
association has member schools in all parts of the world;
5 regional organizations in Africa; Asia and the Pacific; Europe; Latin
America; and North America and the Caribbean are affiliated with
the IASSW and represented on the Board of Directors. The
International Association of Schools of Social Work, IASSW, is the
worldwide association of schools of social work, other tertiary level
social work educational programmes, and social work educators. The
IASSW promotes the development of social work education
throughout the world, develops standards to enhance quality of
social work education, encourages international exchange, provides
forums for sharing social work research and scholarship, and
promotes human rights and social development through policy and
advocacy activities. IASSW holds consultative status with the United
Nations and participates as an NGO in UN activities in Geneva,
Vienna and New York. Through its work at the UN and with other
international organizations, IASSW represents social work education
at the international level.
 IASSW carries out its purposes through:

 a biennial conference of social work educators,

 the IASSW Congress
 Publication of a newsletter
 presentation at the United Nations
 the journal International Social Work
 Activities of Committees and Task Forces
 funding of small cross-national projects in social work
education

Members benefit from the following

 Reduced registration fee at biennial international congresses.

 Free subscription to the IASSW News Letter and may subscribe to "International
Social Work Journal", "International Journal of Social Welfare" and other IASSW
publications at a reduced rate.
 Accessibility to IASSW funding regarding joint projects with other schools of
social work, designed to advance IASSW Mission and to the enhancement of
cooperation among schools of social work world-wide.
 Free copy of the Directory for Schools of Social Work.
 Participation in ongoing projects related to social themes - poverty, macro
development, peace and human rights, ecology, women, children, AIDS and
others.
 Each school has a vote at the General Assembly held biennially.
 Individual members have the same privileges as mentioned above and a pro-rata
right to vote at the General Assembly.
 CONTACT
Secretary of IASSW
Shirley Fisher (Assistant to the
President)
 Post to: The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University
Department of Applied Social Sciences
(Rm HJ412)
Hung Hom
Kowloon
Hong Kong
 4. International Federation of Social
Introduction Workers
 The International Federation of Social Workers
recognises that social work originates variously
from humanitarian, religious and democratic
ideals and philosophies; and that it has universal
application to meet human needs arising from
personal-societal interactions, and to develop
human potential.
Professional social workers are dedicated to
service for the welfare and self-fulfilment of
human beings; to the development and
disciplined use of scientific knowledge regarding
human behaviour and society; to the
development of resources to meet individual,
group, national and international needs and
aspirations; to the enhancement and
improvement of the quality of life of people; and
to the achievement of social justice.
 HISTORY

 The International Federation of Social Workers is a successor to the

International Permanent Secretariat of Social Workers, which was
founded in Paris in 1928 and was active until the outbreak of World
War II. It was not until 1950, at the time of the International
Conference of Social Work in Paris, that the decision was made to
create the International Federation of Social Workers, an
international organization of professional social workers.
The original agreement was that the IFSW would come into being
when seven national organisations agreed to become members.
After much preliminary work, the Federation was finally founded in
1956 at the time of the meeting of the International Conference on
Social Welfare in Munich, Germany.

MEMBERSHIP
Only one national professional organisation in each country may
become a member of the Federation. Such an organisation may be a
national organisation or a co-ordinating body representing two or
more national organisations. Each member association or co-
ordinating body must observe the IFSW Constitution. It should
especially require from its members regular professional training
based upon an organised sequence of social work education
incorporating ethical standards of practice and a body of knowledge
compatible with the social work principles. Member organisations
shall not discriminate against groups of social workers or individual
social workers on grounds of race, colour, ethnic origin, gender,
language, religion, political opinion, age or sexual preference.
Admission is decided by the General Meeting, and is based on
information required by the Federation. The IFSW Secretariat can
provide documents supporting an application.
 CONTACT
The International Federation of Social
Workers (IFSW) is a global organisation
striving for social justice, human rights and
social development through the
development of social work, best practices
and international cooperation between
social workers and their professional
organizations.

President
Mr David N. Jones
c/o British Association of Social Workers,
16, Kent Street,
Birmingham B5 6RD
United Kingdom
Tel: (44) 1604 414 345
 5. Professional Social Workers'
Association (PSWA)
 PSWA is Registered under the Tamil Nadu
Societies Registration Act, 1975  (Tamil Nadu Act
27 of 1975)
Serial Number 159/2004 

 PSWA was formerly known as PSWF (Professional

Social Workers' Forum) S.No. 249/1985

HISTORY OF PROJECT
 1960s - Informal social workers meetings
 1985 - Formal Social Workers Association
registration in name of Professional Social
Workers' Forum
 2004 - Re-registration in name of Professional
Social Workers' Association
 PSWA users
 Social Work Practitioners (Field & Academic)
 Social Work Students
 Next Generation Students
 Social Welfare Organisations
 Government
 Corporate
 Media
 General Public

 Membership
Amount : Rs. 100(Student)225(Annual) 1,025*(Life)
Mode: Cash /Cheque /DD /MO
(Please add Rs.50/- for outstation Cheques
METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK

Unit -3
 METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK
Social work as a profession is a product of this century. Although
its roots are well established in history from the time when people
1st began to take responsibility for their neighbors through
activities which were called charity, poor relief, philanthropy and
social reform .

Objective:

To remove social injustice

To relieve social injustice
To reduce redress
To prevent suffering
To assist the weaker sections
To rehabilitate the distress class people
Methods of Social work

All social work activities are classified into six major categories.
1. Social case work
2. Social group work
3. Community organization
4. Social action
5. Social welfare research
6. Social welfare administration
 1.Social Case Work
(WORK WITH INDIVIDUALS)
Social case work is a method which helps
by counseling the individual client to effect
better social relationships & a social
adjustment that makes it possible him to
lead a satisfying & useful life.

Gordon Hamilton points out that, “The

objective of case work is to administer
practical services & offer counseling in
such a way as to arouse & conserve
psychological energies of the client activity
to involve him in the use of the service
towards the solution of her/his dilemma.”
 2. Social Group Work
Social group (WORK
workWITH
is an activity which
GROUPS)
helps to participate in the activities of a
group for their intellectual, emotional &
physical growth and for the attainment of
desirable goals of the groups.

Group work as such as a method by which

the group worker enables various types of
groups to function in such a manner that
both group interaction & programme
activities contribute to the growth of the
individual & the programme activities
contribute to the growth of the individual
& the achievement of desirable social
goals.
 3. Community Organization
 Community organization is the process of
planning & developing social services in order
to meet the health & welfare needs of a
community or larger unit.

Mildred Barry says,” Community organization

in social work is the process of creating &
maintaining a progressively more effective
adjustment between community resources &
commuity welfare needs.”
 4. Social Action


It s an organized group process solving

general social problems & furthering social
welfare objectives by legislative, social,
health or economic progress. The term
social action refers to organized & legally
permitted activities designed to mobiles
public opinion, legislation & public
administration in favour of objectives
believed to be socially desirable.
 5. Social Work Research
 Social work/welfare research systematic
critically investigation of questions in the
social welfare field with the purpose of
yielding answares to problems of social
work & of extending generally social work
concept. The methods appliesd in social
work research have been to a largwe
extent derived grom those used in
sociology & social psychology as well as in
history and Anthropology.
6. Social Welfare Administration
 Social welfare administration process is to
organize & to direct a social agency. The
administrative aspects of social work have
to do with the organization & management
of social agencies public & private,
including in those terms general
administrative relationships among ubnits
of the same organization, personal
problems, questions of finance & so on.
 UNIT-3
FIELDS OF SOCIAL WORK
FIELDS OF SOCIAL WORK
Child Welfare
Youth Welfare
Women Welfare
Welfare of the Aged and Infirm
Welfare of the Handicapped
Social Defence
Community Welfare
Medical and Psychiatric Social Work
INDUSTRIAL SOCIAL WORK
 CHILD WELFARE
 The term “Child Welfare" is used to describe a
set of government services designed to protect
children and encourage family stability. These
typically include investigation of alleged child
abuse and neglect ("child protective services"),
foster care, adoption services, and services
aimed at supporting at-risk families so they can
remain intact ("prevention services" or "family
preservation services").

 The Integrated Child Development Services

Programme aims at providing services to pre-
school children in an integrated manner so as
to ensure proper growth and development of
children in rural, tribal and slum areas. ICDS is
a centrally sponsored scheme.
 Youth Welfare
 The underlying aim of most social welfare
services for young people, apart from
those services that address immediate
basic needs, is to prepare them for the
assumption of responsible roles in the
adult world. The majority of programs
provide adult-supervised leisure-time
group activities, which may range from
cultural and social events to athletics to
hiking and camping.eg.NCC,NSS,Nehru
Yuva Kendra
 Women Welfare
The Department maintains 11 Training -cum-
Production Centre and 2 Typewriting Institution.
Various Income Generation Activities are provided to
around 225 unemployed girls.

Widow Pension is also provided by this Dept. to 464

needy widows @ Rs.350/- per beneficiary.

One (1) Working Women Hostel with 32 bedded

capacity is maintained by the Department and
proposed to establish 3 more Working Women
Hostels during 10th Plan. The Department is also
campaigning against dowry, child marriage, prostitution and
immoral traffic.
 Welfare of the Aged and Infirm

Under this scheme,  Department of Social
Welfare, is providing financial assistance to the old
aged & infirmed persons / destitute under Manipur
Old Age Pension Rules continuously. A sum of Rs.
100/- p.m has been given to these  old and aged
persons as pension. It is preferably given to low
income group and handicaps (both male and
female). 

 Old Age Homes

To take care of the old and aged person both male

and female, Govt. is giving grant-in-aid to
Registered NGOS to run the homes.
 Social Defence
 Assisting the Government in Policy formulation on the
administration of Juvenile Justice, Prevention and combating
trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children and
women.

Running programmes and activities for children in difficult
circumstance like street children, children of prostitutes and
children from families whose parents are infected by communicable
diseases like HIV / AIDs.

Ensuring protection and development of children and women from
significant harm through institutional, non-institutional and out-
reach programmes.

Co-ordination and networking with allied systems like Police,
Judiciary, Civil society, NGOs, Corporate sector etc., to ensure
protection and development of children and women who are living
in vulnerable condition.

Running and Maintaining of child care institutions like Observation
Homes, Special Homes, Shelter Homes, drop in centres, children's
homes etc.,
 Community Welfare

We are all social beings. We live in society

and generally prefer to do so. Like us, all
members of society desire to have the
facilities of life and peace of mind. The
noble people live in society only with the
inspiring idea that all people in society
should have their due share of happiness
and benefits. It is through them that the
spirit of community welfare evolves in the
society
 Welfare of the Handicapped
 Helping the handicapped persons to fully
participate in social and national life of the
country is one of the important programmes.

 Various states, which provide artificial limbs free

of cost to needy persons through their centres as
well as by organising camps.
These centres provide artificial limbs, calipers,
hearing aids, medicines, special shoes, and tri-
cycles. In addition, there are mobile workshops
which manufacture artificial limbs and service.
Medical and Psychiatric Social Work
 In the medical field a Social Worker may be involved
in rehabilitating critically ill patients or those who
face permanent disability. They are trained to help
people to come in terms with their disabilities and
also in counselling and giving practical assistance to
such patients and their families.
 
 Psychiatric Social Workers work in child guidance
clinics or psychiatric unit of hospitals. They work
with children and adolescents having behavioral
problems, phobias, withdrawal symptoms etc. In
hospitals they work with various kinds of patients
like those suffering with chronic depression or drug
addiction and help the Psychiatrist in finding out the
root cause of the problem and thereafter continue to
work as facilitators in the treatment process.
 The Envisaged Tasks of the
Medical Social Worker
 The medical social worker is involved
in the following areas:

 DIRECT SERVICE TO THE CLIENT SYSTEM

 TEAMWORK
 ADMINISTRATION
 TEACHING
 SUPERVISION
 SELF-DEVELOPMENT
 COMMUNITY HEALTH
 INDUSTRIAL SOCIAL WORK
 Personnel Social Work (HRM) is a
systematic way of helping individual
and groups towards a better
adaptation to the working situation.
Social problems in an enterprise arise
whenever an individual employee or a
group and the work situation cannot
adapt to each other.’
 HISTORY /Growth
/ of Personnel Function
 1931-official administrator
 1948- the welfare officer
 1960s-Personnel function’ emerged in India
 1980s- H.R.D. (Human Resourse
Development)
 The term ‘personnel’ came to be
widely used to denote the work force
of an organisation in the 1960s and
1970s. Today, they are collectively
referred to as the ‘human resource’ of
the organisation.
 ROLES OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIAL WORKERS
According to M.M. Desai, the professionally trained
social worker can develop his/her programmes at the following
levels:
 Preventive and developmental

 Curative

Curative

Curative programmes are aimed at handling problem situations

faced by the individual worker by helping him to make maximum
use of his own potentials and the resources offered by the
industry and the community. Counselling to the individual
employees and their families can be given for problems, such as
alcoholism, indebtedness, and absenteeism, etc.
Preventive and Developmental

1) Informal educational programmes aimed at enlightening

the workers on issues pertaining to work life like industrial
safety, functional literacy, saving habits, social security,
etc.
2) Promoting the use of health and medical programmes for
workers and their families (health check-ups, inoculation
campaigns, family planning, informative sessions on
nutrition, low cost diets, childcare, etc.
3) Personal and environmental hygiene, etc.
4) Developing recreational programmes like library services,
prime sports gatherings, various skill competitions,
exhibitions, film shows, etc. celebration of cultural
festivals, supplementary income programmes, hobby
classes, vocational guidance programmes, etc.
 The counselling services can be coupled with
concrete assistance by
the way of:
General Areas of Social Work Practice

1) Securing medical help within or outside industry.

2) Planning the family budgets.
3) Helping employee family members in obtaining
funds.
4) Seeking employment for worker’s dependents.
5) Referring the worker/his dependents to welfare
agencies in the community like child guidance
clinic, marriage counselling bureaus, alcoholic
anonymous groups and the like, wherever there
is a need
 Skills of a Social Worker
Social workers are involved in a variety of
settings, and with a variety of people.
SKILLS:
 Understand the range of issues which
make up the social welfare field
 Direct intervention with individuals,
families, groups or community services
supervision,
 Management and administrative skills

 Legislative and policy analysis and

development
 Advocacy on behalf of individuals, families
or the larger community
 SOCIAL WORKER
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS
&
 Interpersonal communication skills andSKILLS
VERBAL COMMUNICATION verbal communication skills
are both very significant for Social Work. Communication skills and personality
development are crucial for establishing effectual and reverential relationships
with service users. These skills also play a major role when working with
colleagues and other social workers for making decisions and assessments.
Every practitioner, practicing social work for children, senior citizens and
others who are in need of love, compassion and basic necessities of life must
develop habits for good communication skills. This is because, this is
something that help in you in your endeavors while fighting for the causes and
waiting for consequences.
Not only your skills, but your level of education and the way you behave with
them is also crucial for a successful career in social work. The current system
of education is restricted in imparting the skills and knowledge of
communication. The contribution of children and young people themselves in
teaching and evaluation is very erratic.
Assessment of communication skills of men and women 80 is also essential for
healthy relationship between peer groups and others around you. So, go
ahead and develop or improve your communication skills for an effective
relationship with colleagues and a winning career in social work.