Lesson:

Lesson Objectives:

 At the end of this lessons, you are expected

to:
- Solve problems involving sampling distribution
of the sample means.
A. Revisiting the Z-score
A National Achievement Test was given to a group of high school
graduating students. The results shows that mean score is 95 with a
standard deviation of 15. Determine the standard score corresponding to
the following scores.

Score Standard Score

110 1
100 ⅓ or 0.3333
95 0
85 -⅔ or -0.6667
70
-5/3 , -1 ⅔ or -1.6667

𝑋−𝜇
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑧 =
𝜎
Central Limit Theorem

 Is of fundamental importance in statistics because it justifies

the use of normal curve methods for a wide range of
problems.
 This theorem applies automatically to sampling from infinite
population.
 It also assures us that no matter what the shape of the
population distribution of the mean is, the sampling
distribution of the sample means is closely normally
distributed whenever n is large.
 A Central Limit Theorem word problem will most likely
contain the phrase :
“Assume the variable is normally distributed”
 Consequently, it justifies the use of the formula

ത
𝑋−𝜇
z= 𝜎
𝑛

where : 𝑋ത = sample mean

𝜇 = population mean
𝜎 = population standard deviation
𝑛 = sample size
Example 1
The average time it takes a group of college students to complete a certain examination
is 46.2 minutes. The standard deviation is 8 minutes. Assume that the variable is
normally distributed.

A. What is the probability that a randomly selected college student will complete the
examination in less than 43 minutes?

Given : 𝜇 = 46.2 What is asked ? = P(x<43)

𝜎=8
X = 43

𝑋−𝜇
Formula: 𝑧=
𝜎
 𝑋−𝜇 43−46.2
𝑧= =
𝜎 8
= −0.4

P(X<43) = P(z<-0.4)
= 0.5000 – 0.1554
= 0.3446 or 34.46 %
B. If 50 randomly selected college students take the
examination, what is the probability that the mean
time it takes the group to complete the test will be less
than 43 minutes?

Given: 𝜇 = 46.2 ത
What is asked? = P(𝑋<43)
𝜎=8
𝑋ത = 43 ത
𝑋−𝜇
𝑛 = 50 Formula: z= 𝜎
𝑛
 ത
𝑋−𝜇 43 − 46.2
z= 𝜎 =
8 = −2.83
𝑛
50

𝑃 𝑋ത < 43 = 𝑃 𝑧 < −2.83

= 0.5000 − 0.4977
= 0.0023 𝑜𝑟 0.23%
Activity:
The average number of milligrams (mg) of cholesterol in a cup of a
certain brand of ice cream is 660 mg, and the standard deviation is
35mg. Assume the variable is normally distributed.

a. If a cup of ice cream is selected, what is the probability that the

cholesterol content will be more than 670 mg?
b. If a sample of 10 cups of ice cream is selected, what is the
probability that the mean of the sample will be larger than 670
mg?
ത
𝑋−𝜇
Formulas: 𝑧=
𝑋−𝜇
z= 𝜎
𝜎 𝑛
a.Given: 𝜇 = 660
𝜎 = 35 𝑋−𝜇 670−660
𝑋ത = 670 𝑧= = = 0.29
𝜎 35
P(X>670) = P(z>0.29)
= 0.5000 − 0.1141
= 0.3859 or 38.59%

b. Given: 𝜇 = 660
𝜎 = 35
𝑋ത = 670 ത
𝑋−𝜇 670−660
n = 10
z= 𝜎 = 35 = 0.90
ത
P(𝑋>670) = P(z>0.90) 𝑛 10
= 0.5000 − 0.3159
= 0.1841 0r 18.41%
Lesson:
Starting Point:

 1. What do you call the set of all people, objects, events or ideas you want to
investigate?
a. sample b. population c. data d. statistics

2. A sample refers to _________ of a population.

a. a subset b. a list c. a description d. another name

3. What is the mean of 13, 27,29,17 and 14?

a. 29 b. 28 c. 20 d. 13
Activity 1: Wake-Up Time

Time Tally Frequency

4:00

4:30

5:00

5:30

6:00

Total:
Average:
 𝑋ത𝑋ത = 𝜇
“The mean of the means is equal to the population mean”

Mean of the mean also called Overall mean

An estimate is a value or a range of values that approximate a

parameter.

Estimation is the process of determining parameter values.

Parameter – are numerical descriptive measures of populations

that are usually unknown fixed values.
 We can estimate population parameters from sample values.

Sample measures:

Sample mean & Standard Deviation

Susan, a TLE research, looked at the average time (in minute)if takes a
random sample of customers to be served in a restaurant. From 40
customers, the following information was obtained. What is the average wait
time?________________________

8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10

12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15

10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12

15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8

ത
𝑋=500/40= 12.5
A point estimate is a specific numerical value of
a population parameter. The sample mean 𝑋ത is
the best point estimate of the population mean.

An interval estimate is a range of values that

may contain the parameter of a population

Mean= is the best estimator

sample Mean
1 12.5
2 12.8
3 12.75
4 13
5 12
Average: 63.05/5 = 12.61

Point estimate
A good estimator has the following properties:

1. When the mean of a sample statistic from a large number of different

random samples equals the true population parameter, then the sample
statistic is an unbiased estimate of the population parameter.

2. Across the many repeated samples, the estimate are not very far from
the true parameter value.
 Mean

Sample 1 500 498 497 503 499 497 497 497 497 495 498

Sample 2 500 500 495 494 498 500 500 500 500 497 498.4

Sample 3 497 497 502 496 497 497 497 497 497 495 497.2

=
Over
Population mean=14936/30 = 497.87 all 497.87
mean
1.
2.

𝝁 𝝁
Negative bias Unbiased
(Under estimate) (on target estimate)

3.

𝝁
Positive bias
(Over estimate)