MARTIAL L AW

PERIOD
SIENA JIMENEZ
 BRIEF HISTORY
• On September 21, 1972, President
Ferdinand Marcos of the Republic of the
Philippines issued Presidential Decree No.
1081 placing the whole Philippines under
Martial Law (Gregorio:;P.56)”.
• It was declared due to an existing threat
to the Philippine government.
• The Philippine government set out to
reform the country in a new social order
which was called the “New Society”.
• “True progress is not and should not be confined to the
satisfaction of the material needs of man. It must extend
to the development of his mind as well as the fulfillment
of his spirit. It must fill him with knowledge and wisdom
and it must enrich the quality of human life.”
• “Shall educate our children, our men and women, and
ourselves.”
- Ferdinand Marcos
AIM OF EDUCATION
• “The Educational Development Decree of
1972, was adopted with the aims to provide
a broad base of general education for all
citizens, train manpower in the middle skills,
and develop professional competence that
can provide leadership and advance
knowledge and make education more
relevant through an educational planning
service (Gregorio: ;P.57)”.
AIM OF EDUCATION
• It aimed for the improvement of education (its quality) in
the Philippines.
• Department Order No. 16 s. 1972 was issued to adopt
work-oriented curriculum.
• Education should be relevant to the New Society (its
needs & aims); both its content & methods of teaching.
• It aimed for social & economic development of the New
Society.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION IN THE
NEW SOCIETY
• “The principles and practices of education
under the New Society is based on the
pragmatic philosophy of education or
progressive education (Gregorio: ;P.58)”.
• The child is the center of the educative
process & the child’s growth & development
is aimed in progressive education.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION IN THE
NEW SOCIETY
• Activity programs (in line with the needs,
interest, abilities of the pupil) is the core of the
curriculum.
• “The school program is integrated with life and
activities of the community (Gregorio: ;P.59)”.
• Learning is identified as a social process; in
which cooperation/ group processes is utilized.
• Evaluation & guidance is a part in teaching &
learning.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 202
• Create a Presidential Commission to Study
Philippine Education (PCSPE)
-Ministry of Education- Onofre D. Corpus
• A national survey of education by the Presidential Commission to
Survey Philippine Education (PCSPE) was also conducted in 1970
resulting to the formulation of the first 10-year Education
Development Plan in 1972;
• highlighting human capital formation and manpower development
as key objectives.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 6

• In accordance with the educational reform program

of the New Society, President Marcos issued the
Education Development Decree of 1972 (-A) “which
defines a more responsive role for the education
system.”
THE DECREE PROVIDED A TEN YEAR EDUCATION
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (1973-1982) WHICH INCLUDED:
• the establishment of science education system;
• accelerated manpower skills training to respond to regional
industrial needs;
• a regional agricultural education programs; emphasis on work-
oriented programs;
• a policy of bilingualism;
• the National College Entrance Examination which classifies
students by profession or vocation; and
• a “Study Now, Pay Later” plan which is intended to help poor but
deserving students.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 932
• The Educational Assistance
Act providing loans to
poor but deserving
students.
• In its two years of operation,
it enabled 3,636 students to
pursue higher education with
a funding of Php 14.9 million.
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 146
• This Decree is known as the National
College Entrance Examination was
promulgated with no other purpose but
to regulate the admission
of students to all four year or to five
year degree programs in the country.
• To improve the quality of higher
education and to distribute students among
different courses, thus meeting the
manpower needs of the country.
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO.
176
• This control and administration of all
educational institutions already
established or here after to be
established in the Philippines shall be
vested in the citizens of the Philippines.
• Membership in governing bodies or
boards of such educational institutions
shall be vested in the citizens of the
Philippines.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1006
• Decree Professionalizing Teachers
• Sec. 4 Creation of the National Board
for Teachers
• Declared a policy that teacher
education be of the highest quality
and strongly oriented to Philippine
conditions and to the needs and
aspirations of the Filipino people.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1006
• The Civil Service Commission and the
Department of Education and Culture
jointly gave examination for teachers.
• “Three years after the effectivity of this
Decree, no person shall engage in
teaching and/or act as a teacher as
Defined in this Decree, whether in
public or private elementary or
secondary school, unless he is holder
of Professional Teacher Certificate or
considered as Professional Teacher under
this Decree”
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1139
CREATING THE POSITION OF UNDERSECRETARY OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE FOR NON-
FORMAL EDUCATION
ARTICLE XV GENERAL PROVISIONS