CLINICAL

SUPERVISION
Presented by: Siena Jimenez
WHAT IS CLINICAL
SUPERVISION?
1960s
 Clinical Supervision refers to
face-to-face encounters with
teachers about teaching, usually
in classrooms, with double-
barreled intent of professional
development and
improvement of instruction
(Sergiovanni and Staratt, 1979).
Clinical Supervision in Education
Robert Goldhammer’s model for clinical
supervision includes five stages:
Pre-Observation
Conference

Post Conference
Observation
Analysis

Post-Observation
(Supervisory Data Analysis
Conference)
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Effective clinical supervision should provide an
opportunity for teachers to:
■ Examine, share, and express their educational
philosophies;
■ Receive objective comments and guidance on
their teaching;
Effective clinical supervision should provide
an opportunity for teachers to:
■ Explore the relationship between their
predicted and actual performance during the
instructional process;

■ Target areas for improvement, monitor

progress, and examine changes in their beliefs
and practices.
 Modes of Clinical Supervision:

Individual Supervision Group Supervision

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What is Individual Supervision?
• One to one
supervision, more
intensive and
personal sharing
Methods and Technique in Individual
Supervision:
1. Self Report
2. Process Notes
3. Audiotape
4. Videotape
5. Live Observation
and Live
Supervision
Advantages of Individual Supervision
1. The supervisee and supervisor can decide and
work on an agenda without any distraction.
2. There is time for discussion of the
supervisee’s cases in every session.
3. There is an opportunity to examine closely
the progress of the supervisee’s work with
individual clients and to focus closely on the
relationship between supervisee and
supervisor.
4. There is a high degree of confidentiality.
Disadvantages of Individual Supervision
1. The supervisee receives the input of only
one person, which may sometimes be
unhelpfully biased.
2. Supervisor and supervisee may share the
same views too closely and thus
unconsciously develop a collusive
relationship.
3. The supervisee does not have the
opportunity to compare his or her work
with other, particularly those at the same
developmental stage.
 What is Group Supervision?
• A facilitator-led supervision via a
formal, prearranged process that
is agreed by the supervisor and
supervisees.

• Group supervision is a complement

to, rather than substitute for,
one-to-one supervision, though it
may reduce the frequency with
which one-to-one supervision is
needed.
Goals of Group Supervision
■ The aim of the session is to
improve the skills and capability
of both individuals and the
group.

■ The goal of the session may be to

solve problems, plan work and
set priorities, learn from others
or make decisions.
Advantages of Group Supervision
1. There is a great deal of stimulation and
variety of perspectives on each
supervisee’s cases.
2. There is an opportunity to learn from the
ways in which fellow supervisees handle
their own work.
3. Supervisees have the opportunity to hear
about and learn from colleagues’ work
with a wide variety of clients.
Advantages of Group Supervision
4. There is a great deal of stimulation and
variety of perspectives on each
supervisee’s cases.
5. There is an opportunity to learn from the
ways in which fellow supervisees handle
their own work.
6. Supervisees have the opportunity to hear
about and learn from colleagues’ work
with a wide variety of clients.
7. The make-up of the group may provide
useful opportunities for role-plays to be
experimented with.
Disadvantages of Group Supervision
1. There may be insufficient time for each
supervisees’s concerns to be addressed
in any detail.
2. Supervisees may have too much
opportunity to ‘hide’ or to minimize their
difficulties.
3. Supervisees may consciously or
unconsciously compete with or thwart
each other, particularly when supervised
together in a training setting.
Disadvantages of Group Supervision
4. The variety of perspectives on each
supervisee’s cases may be experienced
as a bombardment of conflicting and
unhelpful views.
5. Group dynamics may become at times
more distracting or interesting than the
actual cases under discussion.
6. Confidentiality is somewhat less
protected.
Characteristic of Clinical Supervisors
Good Supervisors:
– Are empathic, genuine, open, and flexible;
– Are knowledgeable and competent clinicians;
– Respect their supervisees as persons and as developing
professional
– Are Sensitive to individual differences (e.g., gender, race,
ethnicity) of supervisees
– Are comfortable with the authority and evaluative functions
inherent in the supervisor role;
– Are committed to helping the supervisee grow;
Characteristic of Clinical Supervisors
■ Have a clear sense of their own strengths and limitations as a
supervisor;
■ Can identify how their personal traits and interpersonal style
may affect the conduct of supervision.
■ Seek ongoing growth as a clinician and supervisor through
continuing education activities, self-evaluation, and feedback from
supervisees, clients, other supervisors, and colleagues.
■ Have a sense of humor which helps both the supervisor and
supervisee get through rough spots in their work together and
achieve a healthy perspective on their work.

■ Enjoy supervision
Taken from Borders, 1994
Area threatened because of Lack of
Self Awareness:
■Appropriateness of
dependency needs;
■Differences in personal
style; and
■Differences in values.
Effects of Clinical Supervision on the
Teaching Performance:
■ It helps teachers to find out the
shortcomings and advantages of their
teaching performances in the classroom.
■ It helps teachers to improve their teaching
and learning to be more effective to
enhance students’ understanding.
■ it also increase the level of
professionalism. (Odabasa,2013)
Thank you 