Prostate Diseases

PROSTATE GLAND
• The prostate is a gland in men. It helps make
semen, the fluid that contains sperm.
• The prostate surrounds the tube that carries
urine away from the bladder and out of the
body.
• A young man's prostate is about the size of a
walnut.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:
A Common Part of Aging
• suggested that BPH may occur because the
higher amount of estrogen within the gland
increases the activity of substances that
promote cell growth.
• accumulation of DHT (dihydrotestosterone)
may encourage the growth of cells. Scientists
have also noted that men who do not produce
DHT do not develop BPH.
Symptoms

• obstruction of the urethra and gradual loss of

bladder function, which results in incomplete
emptying of the bladder
- a hesitant, interrupted, weak stream
- urgency and leaking or dribbling
- more frequent urination, especially at night
 Prostate cancer
• Most prostate cancers are slow growing;
however, there are cases of aggressive
prostate cancers
• metastasize (spread) from the prostate to
other parts of the body, particularly the bones
and lymph nodes
• symptoms often similar to those of diseases
such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.
 Prostate cancer
• is classified as an adenocarcinoma, or
glandular cancer
• tends to develop in men over the age of fifty
• most common is the peripheral zone
• a condition known as carcinoma in situ or
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)
• serum Prostate Specific Antigen(PSA)
• the Gleason Scale/Score (1-5/1-10)
• the four-stage TNM system
 Prostate cancer treatmant

• Combination of treatment options:

hormonal, radiation, radical prostatectomy

• Side effects: erectile disfucntion, urinary

incontinence