GROUP : MUHAMMAD HARIS

MUHAMMAD BILAL
HARIS IMRAN
MUHAMMAD BILAL
Intergovernmental Organization
In the absence of a treaty an IGO does not
exist in the legal sense.
. Main Purpose of IGOs :To create a
mechanism for the world’s inhabitants
The term intergovernmental organization
(IGO) refers to an entity created by
treaty, involving two or more nations, to
work in good faith, on issues of common
interest.
 The United Nation (UN 1945)
 Organization of Petroleum
Exporting(OPEC)
 The World Trade Organization(WTO)
 World Custom Organization
Regional organizations (ROs) are, in a
sense, international organizations (IOs), as
they incorporate international membership
and encompass geopolitical entities that
operationally transcend a single nation
state.
 North Atlantic Treaty
Organization(NATO)
 Organization of American States

 Asian Development Bank

 European Union(EU)

 South Asian Association for

Regional Corporation
 . SAARC is an eco-political organization of 8
South Asian nations, which was established on 8
December 1985 for friendship and cooperation
among themselves and with other developing
countries.
Covering a population of more than 2 billion,
SAARC is the largest regional organization in
the world.
 Idea of regional cooperation in South Asia was discussed in
atleast
 three conferences:
 1-the Asians Relations Conference in New Delhi in April 1947
 2-the Baguio Conference in the Philippines in May 1950,
 3-the Colombo Powers Conference in April 1954
 The first concrete proposal for establishing a framework for
 regional cooperation in South Asia was made by the late president
 of Bangladesh, Zia-ur-Rehman, on May 2, 1980.
 Established on 8 December 1985.
 Its seven founding members are Sri Lanka,
 Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
 Welfare of the people of south Asia.
 Economic growth, social progress and cultural
development .
 Strengthen selective self-reliance among the
countries of south
 Asia.
 Understanding and appreciation of one another's
problems.
 Strengthen cooperation among themselves as well as
with other
 developing countries and international and regional
organizations
 Maintain peace in the region.
 1. Afghanistan ( joined the organization in
2007)
 2. Bangladesh
 3. Bhutan
 4. India
 5. Maldives
 6. Nepal
 7. Pakistan
 8. Sri Lanka
 1. Australia
 2. China
 3. European Union
 4. Japan
 5. Iran
 6. Mauritius
 7. Myanmar
 8. S. Korea
 9. USA
 At the top, there is the Council
represented by the heads of the
government of the member
countries. The council is the apex
policy making body. It meets
once in 2 years time.
 ** It is to assist the council. It is represented by
the foreign ministers of the member countries.
Its functions include:
Formulation of policies
Review of functioning
Deciding new areas of cooperation
Chalk out additional mechanism
Decide about general issues of common
interests of the SAARC members.
 ** It is comprised by the foreign secretarian of
the member government. Its major functions
are:
To monitor and co-ordinate the programmes
To determine inter-sectored priorities
To mobilize cooperation within and outside the
region
To deal with the modalities of financing.
 ** It consist of the senior official of the member
governments. Its functions include:
Scrutinizing the budget of the secretariat
Finalizing the annual schedule
External activities assigned by the standing
Committee
Analyses the respects of the technical
committee.
 **It consist of the represented of the member
nations. Its function are:
To formulate project and programmes
To monitor and execute the projects
To submit reports.
Cover Areas like Agriculture, Communication,
Environment, Rural Development, Health and
Population, Science and Technology, Tourism and
Transport
 ** The SAARC secretariat is located in Nepal.
The secretariat is headed by the secretary-
General appointed by the Council of Ministers.
Its function include:
Coordination, execution and monitoring of
SAARC activities
Servicing the SAARC meetings
Works as communication link between the
SAARC and other international forums.
 Agreement for establishment of SAARC
Arbitration Council
 Final Agreement on Avoidance of Double
Taxation
 Final Agreement on Customs Matters
 CHARTER OF SDF 31 July 2008
 Agreement on establishing the SAARC food bank
 Agreement on south Asian Free Trade Area
(SAFTA)
 Agreement on the Establishment of South Asian
Regional Standards Organization (SARSO)
 Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation
 Agriculture & Biotechnology
 Trade & Finance
 Education
 Information , Communication & Media
 Science & Technology
 Energy & Environment
 Tourism & Social Development
 Culture
 People-to-People Contacts
 SAPTA(SAARC preferential trading
arrangement)was
 signed on 7 December, 1995
 SAFTA(South Asian Free Trade Area) was
signed in
 Islamabad in January 2004
 SAARC chamber of commerce and industry
(SCCI)
 SAARC constitutes South Asian Development
Fund(SADF)
 Signed an agreement of mutual assistance.
 Avoidance of double taxation were signed.
 Agriculture
 Rural development
 Science and technology
 Health
 Transport
 Sports
 Arts
 Culture and
 Population activities
 Till 2013 going to establish a common
university for
 education in Delhi
POVERTY ALLEVIATION
 Regional food security essence
 Promoted global objective of shelter for all.
 Convention on terrorism was signed in
November,1987
 SAARC convention on narcotic drugs signed
on
 November, 1990
 SAARC terrorist offences monitoring
desk(STOMD)
 SAARC drug offences monitoring
desk(SDOMD)
 • SAVE (SARRC Audio Visual Exchange) was
 implemented.
 • Library of SAARC
 • Talks between countries leads to the
diffusion of tension
 India tries to dominate the function and
activities
 of SAARC
 Large variety of different political system
 Large variety regional and cultural
differences
 They lack financial resources and advance
 technologies
 Involvement of external actors
 Internal problems constituting social
economic
 and developmental and growth issues.
 Bilateral disputes and differences
 Food Security Reserve failed to meet the
need
 of Bangladesh
 Suffers from an acute resource crunch