Pre muslim in pakistan

Presented by:
nimra khalid
aimen ch
Irza arif
Mughal architecture in
Pakistan
  The period of the Great Mughals, which began
in 1526 with Babur's accession to the throne,
MUGHALS PERIOD ended with the death of Aurangzeb in 1707.
Aurangzeb's death marked the end of an era in
Indian history.
 The Mughals were the descendants of Persianized
Central Asian Turks (with significant Mongol admixture)
and would establish a formidable empire over the
breadth of South Asia and beyond.
 The Mughal Empire included Pakistan and reached as
far north as eastern Afghanistan and as far south as
southern India.
INTRODUCTION  It was one of the three major Islamic empires of its day
Although the first Mughal emperor Babur favored the
cool hills of Kabul, his conquests would lay the
foundations for a dynasty that would hold sway over
South Asia for over two centuries. Most of his
successors were capable rulers and during the Mughal
period the Shalimar Gardens were built in Lahore
(during the reign of Shah Jehan and the Badshahi
Mosque was erected during the reign of Aurangzeb.
 Mughal Architecture incorporates Indian elements
with Persian and Islamic elements. Some features
common to many buildings are:
FEATURES OF
Large bulbous onion domes, sometimes surrounded by four
MUGHAL STYLE smaller domes.
Use of white marble and red sandstone.
Use of delicate ornamentation work, including PACHIN
KARI decorative work and jali-latticed screens.
Monumental buildings surrounded by gardens on all four sides.
Mosques with large courtyards.
Persian and Arabic calligraphic inscriptions, including verses from
the Quran.
Large gateways leading up to the main building.
Iwans on two or four sides.
Use of decorative chattris.
 MUGHAL BUILDINGS
Mughal buildings have a uniform pattern of
structure and character, including large
bulbous domes, slender minarets at the
corners, massive halls, large vaulted gateways,
and delicate ornamentation.

BADSHAHI MOSQUE , LAHORE

Badshahi Mosque Lahore:
The Badshahi mosque is the Mughal era mosque in
Lahore. It was built by the sixth Mughal Emperor
Aurangzeb in 1671. It is the second largest mosque in
Pakistan. It is located to the west of Lahore Fort. The
Badshahi mosque is a major tourist attraction in
Pakistan. The exterior of the mosque is made of carved
red stones and the inlay is done with white marble.
Wazir khan mosque
The Wazir khan mosque is a Mughal era mosque.
It was commissioned during the era of Mughal
Emperor Shah Jahan. It is one of the most
beautiful mosques built during the times. This
mosque is famous for its intricate tile work
known as kasha kari. The mosque is built of an
elevated plateform which opens up to the wazir
khan chowk in Lahore.
The Naulakha Pavilion
The Naulakha Pavilion is named for the mytical nine lakh
rupees it took to built this. It is a small white marble
building that has large arched entrance and a corvexs
roof. It is located beside sheesh mahal courtyard. The
structure is laid with many precious and semi precious
stones. Due to its location, it provides an awesome view
of the ancient city, Lahore.
Lahore Fort
The Lahore fort, also known as the Shahi Qila is located
in north western corner of Lahore city. It has a huge
structure and consists of many buildings and gates which
include, Alamgiri gate, Diwan e Aam, Diwan e khas,
Khuwab ghah, Makateeb khana, moti masjid, lal burj,
kala burj , sheesh mehel and many others.
Shalamar Bhag
It is a Mughal garden complex built in 1637 CE during the era of
Shah Jahan. It was completed in 1641. Shalamar gardens are one of
the World Heritage Site inscribed by UNESCO due to its design and
architecture. Its architecture in inspired from the old shalamar
gardens in Kashmir built by the Emperor Jahangir, Shah Jahan’s
father. The shalamar gardens are laid out in the shape of
parallelogram surrounded by high brick wall which has beautiful
carvings on it.
sikhism
  Sikhism is based on compassion; service; equality between males,
females and all religions and encourages an honest, truthful living
with a rejection of idol worship, the caste system, ritualism and
superstitions. In Sikhism, heaven and hell are states of mind
SIKHISM represented by joy and sorrow, bliss and agony or light and
darkness. Sikhism is a distinct religion and shouldn’t be viewed as
linked to either Islam or Hinduism. Guru Nanak Devi Ji said “I am
neither a Hindu nor a Muslim, I am a human being”.
HAVELI OF Victoria Girls High School is a government girl’s school inside the
walled city of Lahore and is housed in a nineteenth century Sikh
NAU NIHAL period haveli of Nau Nihal Singh, the son of Maharajah Ranjeet
Singh.
SINGH
The haveli is one of the few remaining royal residences from the
Sikh period in Lahore. It is an intact structure of over forty rooms
with most elements of its original ornamentation preserved on the
two main elevations and the interior courtyard facades.
LOCATION
The haveli is located within the Walled City of Lahore, and is
located near the Mori Gate in the southern half of the walled city.
The haveli is also near the Bhatti Gate and Lohari Gate
  The haveli was built around 1830 or 1840 for Nau Nihal Singh, by
his grandfather and founder of the Sikh Empire, Maharaja Ranjit
Singh.
HISTORY  The mansion was intended to be a personal residence for Nau
Nihal Singh.
 The haveli has been used, since the British colonial era, to house
the Victoria Girls' High School.
 The base of the haveli is rectangular in shape, with its entrance on the
western side.
The façade is divided into two sections, with the portion housing the
haveli's entryway profusely decorated with frescoes painted in the
vivid Kangra style, and the other pierced with numerous windows.
The fourth level is made of a small room known as Rang Mahal ("Colour
palace")
the remaining floors were built with high ceilings, to exaggerate the
height of the structure in order to give the appearance of a citadel,
ARCHITECTURE rather than a private residence.
The ceilings of the haveli are made of decorated wood inlaid with glass
and mirror, as well as sun-motifs in the central portion of the roof.
Walls within the haveli are decorated with false arches that each contain
a small 18 inch by 18 inch painting, with blues, gold's, reds, and oranges
dominating the haveli's color palette.
The interior is also decorated with carved wood, brickwork, and floral
frescoes.
The haveli features a large 2 storied inner courtyard which was also
profusely decorated - the bottom level of which has since been
whitewashed.
COLONIAL
ARCHITECTURE IN
PAKISTAN
 The mid nineteen century saw the start of another short but
architecturally significant period.
HISTORY:  In the British colonial age predominantly representative
buildings of the Indo-European style developed, from a
mixture of European and Indian-Islamic components.
They were going to build collages, hospitals, post offices,
museums, court houses, assembly halls, city halls, libraries,
country clubs, parks, stadiums, cantonments and residential
bungalows, railway stations and yes architecturally
significant bridges and tunnels.
In one century of British rule hundreds and hundreds of
new significant public structures were commissioned
throughout the country. This was a period of not only
European and English architecture but also of unique
hybrids created by fusing the elements of English with the
local Islamic architecture. Most of these colonial buildings
are still standing and in use in Pakistan.
  FRERE HALL:
ARCHITECTURE:  The building was intended to serve as Karachi's town hall, and was
designed by HENRY SAINT CLAIR WILKINS, after having been
chosen from among 12 possible choices
 Frere Hall blends elements of British Architecture with local
architectural elements. The building features multiple pointed
arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses. Carving on the walls
and beautifully articulated mosaic designs are visible on multiple
walls and pillars.
The building is surrounded by gardens, and is built primarily out of
local yellow-toned limestone, with stone details formed from
white oolitee stone quarried from the nearby town of Bholari. Red
and grey sandstone is also used in the building, which was
quarried from the Sindhi town of Jungshahi.
 A tall octagonal tower is located in one of the building's corner
that is crowned by an iron cage. The roof of the hall is coated
with Muntz Metal.
The hall is surrounded by two lawns originally known as “Queen’s
Lawn” and “King’s Lawn” Which after independence renamed as
“Jinnah Gardens”
ARCHITECTURE:
TOLLINTEN MARKET:
 The exhibition of art and industry was opened by
governor Robert Montgomery on January 20, 1864.
 A single storied structure remain of Anglo Indian
architecture.
 This building was built to house the first important
exhibition of Punjab arts and industry.
 Later it was used as market place as tollinton market.
The façade of the building boosts and elaborate
verandah and all the sides supported on wooden
supports.
The pitched roof has been finished in terracotta and is
supported with two black tower made for wrought iron
glass
 The door frame were decorated with wooden strap
work.
 The front and back façade has flat window.
 While the sides of the building had pointed arch
windows.
 Pointed arched windows were decorated with plate
tracery.