1.

PRE-COLONIAL ERA
(EARLY TIMES- 1564)
 Spaniards
 Longest literary periods
 Oral literature serves as their language of life and their way of
promoting cultural heritage.
 Their riddles, proverbs, and other forms of poetry were based on
their community and real life experiences.
 Alphabet- Syllabary/Alibata was probably of Sanskrit or
Arabic Provenance. 17 symbols- 3 vowels and 14 consonants.
FORMS OF LITERATURE
1. PRE-COLONIAL POETRY
 It is meant to be recited in a manner of songs
and chants.
 Without education Rhyming scheme.
A. Proverbs (Salawikain)
 These are truths and wise sayings.
 Expressions of wisdom which is based on common sense and
real life experiences.
Ex.
 Bago mo sabihin at gawin, makapitong iisipin.
 Kung di ukol, di bubukol.
B. Tanaga
 It is in quatrain containing seven syllables each line with monorine.
Ex.
Kaibigan

Palay siyang matino,

Nang humangi’y yumuko;
Ngunit muling tumayo,
Nagkabunga ng ginto.
C. Folk song
 It is a lyrical expression created by people according to their
region.
Ex.
 Sitsiritsit

D. Riddles ( bugtong)
 A game in a form if mystifying question and a mind puzzle
intended to be solved.
2. PROSE NARRATIVES
 theseare stories of mythological creatures, legends and
humans with supernatural power transmitted orally and
preserved as part of the region’s history.
A. Epic
 Long narrative poem about quests and exciting
adventures of a hero with unusual strength or power.
B. Myth
 Story of Gods and Goddesses told using a traditional
language explaining mysteries, beliefs and cultural
practices.
C. Fables
 Stories
intended to teach human values with animals as
major characters attributing human qualities.
D. Legends
 Stories explaining origins handed down from the past and
passed through different generations.
 This is believed by some people but not proven
scientifically.
E. Folk tale
 Imaginative narrative story told by ancient group of
people.
2. SPANISH COLONIAL
ERA (1565-1898)
 Philippine Christianization
 Spaniards attempted to teach Filipinos the Spanish language.
 Roman alphabet- 23 Letters ( J, U, W)
 Natives- “Indios”
 Church- Spanish language
 1953- Doctrina Christiana book- collection of prayers written by
Spanish translated in tagalog.
 Native literary writers- “Ladinos”
 MEMBERS OF THE
MIDDLE CLASS WHO
WAGE THEIR
PROPAGANDA
1.Graciano Lopez Jaena
He was known to be intelligent man of
his age
“Fray Botod” was his famous work.
He was the editor of the newspaper “La
Solidaridad”.
2. MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
Founded the nationalistic newspaper
“Diariong Tagalog”.
He was known to be the “Master of
Tagalog”.
3. Francisco Baltazar
 “Balagtas”
 Genius writer of tagalog
 He is known for his poem “Florante at
Laura”
4. Jose Rizal
 “Noli Me Tangere and El filibusterismo”.
 Noli Me Tangere – “Touch me not”
 El Filibusterismo- the traitor.
5. Andres Bonifacio
 Gregoria De Jesus
 Father of katipunan
 “Pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa”
6. Emilio Jacinto
 “Brains of katipunan”
 Political essay
3. AMERICAN-COLONIAL
ERA (1899-1945)
Public school system
“Thomasites”- the teachers who came to
teach the Filipinos
English was chosen as the second language
English Alphabet- 26 letters
Theme “Freedom and Independence”
 PLAYS:
1.Kahapon, Bukas Ngayon by Aurelio
Tolentino
2.Hindi ako Patay by Juan Matapang
3.Tanikalang Ginto by Juan Abad
4.Walang Sugat by Severino Reyes
 ESSAYIST AND POETS:
1.Juan F. Salazar
2.Bernardo P. Garcia
3.Maximo M. Kalaw
4.Tarcila Malabanan
5.Francisco M. Africa
 LITERARY WORKS REFLECTING
FILIPINO CULTURES AND BELIEFS
1. “How my brother leon brought home a wife”
by Manuel Arguilla- the way of living of
Ilocanos
2. “Footnote to youth” by Jose Garcia Villa- the
consequences of early marriage
 LITERARY WORKS OF LOVE AND
SOCIAL JUSTICES
1. “Pinaglahuan” by Faustino Aguilar
2. “Banaag at sikat” by Lope K. Santos
 OTHER LITERARY AUTHORS:
1. Ildefonso Santos
2. Alejandro Abadilla
3. Jose Corazon De jesus
4. Brigido Batugbakal
5. Genoveva Edroza Matute
6. Claro M. Recto
 4. CONTEMPORARY
PERIOD (1946-PRESENT)
 Japanese did not resist the emerging
progress of Filipino literary activity.
 Before the occurrence of World War II.
 Filipino literary writers began writing the
pre-war social problems of the country.
 FIRST LITERARY MAGAZINES:
1. Malaya
2. Ilang-ilang
3. Liwayway
4. Sinag-tala
5. Bulaklak
 PROMINENT WRITERS OF ENGLISH
LITERATURE
1. William Shakespeare
2. Edgar Allan Poe
3. Ernest Hemingway
4. William Faulkner
 FILIPINO WRITERS
1. Genoveva D. Edroza- Matute
2. Macario Pineda
3. Elpidio P. Kapulong
4. Hilario Coronel
5. Pablo N. Bautista
1. Alejandro G. Abadilla- collected and
edited “Mga piling Katha”
2. Genoveva D. Edroza-Matute- wrote
“Ako’y isang tinig” a collection of stories
and essays.
 “Carlos Palanca, Sr. Memorial for
Literature”
Nominees:
1. Ildefonso Santos
2. Teodoro Agoncillo
3. Alejandro Abadilla
4. Jose Corazon De jesus
 Alejandro Abadilla- one of the best poets. He wrote
“Parnasong Tagalog” and “Ako ang daigdig” a
collection of verse.
 Amado V. Hernandez- was addressed as the
greatest post-war Filipino poet. He wrote “Dipang
Langit” in 1961and “Bayang Malaya” in 1960. and
before his death in 1970 he won the Republic
Cultural and National Artist award.
 In 1987, our alphabet was developed from
26 letters of English alphabet to the
Modern Filipino Alphabet.
 28 letters