NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Pendahuluan
 Daerah inframerah dekat atau biasanya disingkat dengan
NIR (near infrared) pada umumnya didefinisikan sebagai
kisaran panjang gelombang 800 – 2500 nm, meskipun saat
ini instrument spektrometer inframerah dekat pada
umumnya menjangkau kisaran 1100 – 2500 nm, dengan
perluasan turun sampai daerah visible sebagai suatu
pilihan.

 Gambaran spektra di daerah NIR merupakan overton dan

kombinasi vibrasi yang teramati di daerah inframerah
tengah
 Overtone
Overtone bands in an infrared spectrum are multiples of the fundamental
absorption frequency.

The energy required for the first overtone is twice the fundamental.
Since the energy is proportional to the frequency absorbed and this is
proportional to the wavenumber, the first overtone will appear in the
spectrum at twice the wavenumber of the fundamental.
Kombinasi frekuensi
Advantages and Disadvantages of NIR
The advantages and drawbacks of the
methods based on NIR spectroscopy are
various, and can be split between:
Analytical,
spectroscopic and
Instrumental features.
 ANALYTICAL ASPECTS

The analytical advantages include

speed; no sample preparation; no requirement for chemical reagents;
being non-destructive; the possibility to perform qualitative
and quantitative analysis, and to handle almost all kind of samples
irrespective of their size or shape; the relatively low cost per analysis; and
the opportunity to perform direct, non-invasive and in situ analysis.

The main analytical limitations are :

The need to calibrate the spectrometer, usually requiring hundreds or
thousands of spectra with reference values and the use of chemometrics
 SPECTROSCOPIC ASPECTS

From a spectroscopic point of view, NIR spectroscopy has the

advantages:
providing spectra with a high intensity, and a precise spectral frequency
measurement; ease of sample presentation.

Regarding limitations,
this technique is characterized by poorly-resolved spectra;
The absence of information from non-polar groups; a lack of structural
selectivity and of sensitivity; and spectra influenced by temperature
changes
Instrumentation
Taken from Pharmaceutical
Analysis by Watson (2001)
Taken from Pharmaceutical
Analysis by Watson (2001)