Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MANAGEMENT
WASTES
Wastes
Liquid Gaseous
Solid waste
Waste Waste
• Household waste
• Industrial waste
• Biomedical waste or hospital waste
What is Bio-medical waste ??
Definition
Waste generated during the diagnosis,
testing, treatment, research or production of
biological products for humans or animals
(WHO)
• WHO estimates
10% is infectious
5% is non-infectious.
WHO has estimated that
In year 2014
• injections with contaminated syringes caused:
• 21 million hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infections (32% of all new infections);
• Two million hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infections (40% of all new infections);
• 260 000 HIV infections (5% of all new)
Patients &
WHO IS AT RISK?? attenders
Medical &
Paramedical
staf Public
Sanitation
workers
3. Chemical toxicity
4.Radioactivity hazards.
5.Physical injuries
6.Public sensitivity.
Infection
Puncture
Abrasion
Cut in the skin
Through mucous membranes
By inhalation and ingestion.
Most Common Infections
1. Gastro enteric through faeces and/or
vomit
e.g. Salmonella, Vibrio Cholera,
Helminthes
Hepatitis A
2. Respiratory through inhaled
secretions
e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Measles
virus;
Streptococcus pneumoniae
3.Ocular infections through eye
secretions
e.g. Herpes virus,
Most Common Infection Cont.
6. Blood borne diseases
• AIDS
• Septicaemia and bacteraemia
• Viral Hepatitis B & C
• Sharps
• Chemicals
• Explosive agents
Waste with high
content of heavy
metals
Blood pressure
guages
Aerosol
PRESSURISED
CONTAINERS
Gas cartridges
Gas cylinders
Waste Sharps eg: Needles Discarded medicines
Waste Water Transportation
(Approved Special Vehicle)
to ETP
Unloading and Temp
Storage at CBWTF
Re Use
Treatment
Disposal (Incineration, Autoclaving
( Recycling & Landfill) and Shredding)
Categories of Biomedical Waste Schedule
as per WHO Standard
WASTE TREATMENT AND
TYPE OF WASTE
CATEGORY DISPOSAL OPTION
Category No. 1
Human Anatomical Waste (Human tissues, organs, body Incineration@ / deep
parts) burial*
Disinfecting by chemical
Solid Waste (Waste generated from disposable treatment@@ / autoclaving /
Category No. 7 items other than the waste sharps such as
microwaving and mutilation /
tubing, catheters, intravenous sets, etc.)
shredding# #
Categories of Biomedical Waste Schedule
as per WHO standards cont….
Category No. 9
Incineration Ash (Ash from incineration Disposal in municipal landfill
of any biomedical waste)
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DISPOSAL METHODS OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTES
• Incineration
• Chemical disinfection
• Autoclave
• Microwave
• Shredder
• Deep burial
ANNUAL REPORT
• To be submitted to the prescribed authority by 31
January every year
• Name of the occupier with Address
• Categories of waste generated and Quantity
[monthly average] basis:
• Name of treatment facility with Address
• Category-wise quantity of waste treated
• Mode of treatment with details:
• Any other information
STAFF SAFETY
• Proper training
• Personal protective clothing and equipment
• Immunization
• Post-exposure prophylaxis
• Medical surveillance
• Personal hygiene
Responsibility